- <pre>
- mysql复习
- 一:复习前的准备
- 1:确认你已安装wamp
- 2:确认你已安装ecshop,并且ecshop的数据库名为shop
- 二 基础知识:
- 1.数据库的连接
- mysql -u -p -h
- -u 用户名
- -p 密码
- -h host主机
- 2:库级知识
- 2.1 显示数据库: show databases;
- 2.2 选择数据库: use dbname;
- 2.3 创建数据库: create database dbname charset utf8;
- 2.3 删除数据库: drop database dbname;
- 3: 表级操作:
- 3.1 显示库下面的表
- show tables;
- 3.2 查看表的结构:
- desc tableName;
- 3.3 查看表的创建过程:
- show create table tableName;
- 3.4 创建表:
- create table tbName (
- 列名称1 列类型 [列参数] [not null default ],
- ....列2...
- ....
- 列名称N 列类型 [列参数] [not null default ]
- )engine myisam/innodb charset utf8/gbk
- 3.4的例子:
- create table user (
- id int auto_increment,
- name varchar(20) not null default '',
- age tinyint unsigned not null default 0,
- index id (id)
- )engine=innodb charset=utf8;
- 注:innodb是表引擎,也可以是myisam或其他,但最常用的是myisam和innodb,
- charset 常用的有utf8,gbk;
- 3.5 修改表
- 3.5.1 修改表之增加列:
- alter table tbName
- add 列名称1 列类型 [列参数] [not null default ] #(add之后的旧列名之后的语法和创建表时的列声明一样)
- 3.5.2 修改表之修改列
- alter table tbName
- change 旧列名 新列名 列类型 [列参数] [not null default ]
- (注:旧列名之后的语法和创建表时的列声明一样)
- 3.5.3 修改表之减少列:
- alter table tbName
- drop 列名称;
- 3.5.4 修改表之增加主键
- alter table tbName add primary key(主键所在列名);
- 例:alter table goods add primary key(id)
- 该例是把主键建立在id列上
- 3.5.5 修改表之删除主键
- alter table tbName drop primary key;
- 3.5.6 修改表之增加索引
- alter table tbName add [unique|fulltext] index 索引名(列名);
- 3.5.7 修改表之删除索引
- alter table tbName drop index 索引名;
- 3.5.8 清空表的数据
- truncate tableName;
- 4:列类型讲解
- 列类型:
- 整型:tinyint (0~255/-128~127) smallint (0~65535/-32768~32767) mediumint int bigint (参考手册11.2)
- 参数解释:
- unsigned 无符号(不能为负) zerofill 0填充 M 填充后的宽度
- 举例:tinyint unsigned;
- tinyint(6) zerofill;
- 数值型
- 浮点型:float double
- 格式:float(M,D) unsigned\zerofill;
- 字符型
- char(m) 定长
- varchar(m)变长
- text
- 列 实存字符i 实占空间 利用率
- char(M) 0<=i<=M M i/m<=100%
- varchar(M) 0<=i<=M i+1,2 i/i+1/2<100%
- year YYYY 范围:1901~2155. 可输入值2位和4位(如98,2012)
- 日期时间类型 date YYYY-MM-DD 如:2010-03-14
- time HH:MM:SS 如:19:26:32
- datetime YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS 如:2010-03-14 19:26:32
- timestamp YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS 特性:不用赋值,该列会为自己赋当前的具体时间
- 5:增删改查基本操作
- 5.1 插入数据
- insert into 表名(col1,col2,……) values(val1,val2……); -- 插入指定列
- insert into 表名 values (,,,,); -- 插入所有列
- insert into 表名 values -- 一次插入多行
- (val1,val2……),
- (val1,val2……),
- (val1,val2……);
- 5.3修改数据
- update tablename
- set
- col1=newval1,
- col2=newval2,
- ...
- ...
- colN=newvalN
- where 条件;
- 5.4,删除数据 delete from tablenaeme where 条件;
- 5.5, select 查询
- (1) 条件查询 where a. 条件表达式的意义,表达式为真,则该行取出
- b. 比较运算符 = ,!=,< > <= >=
- c. like , not like ('%'匹配任意多个字符,'_'匹配任意单个字符)
- in , not in , between and
- d. is null , is not null
- (2) 分组 group by
- 一般要配合5个聚合函数使用:max,min,sum,avg,count
- (3) 筛选 having
- (4) 排序 order by
- (5) 限制 limit
- 6: 连接查询
- 6.1, 左连接
- .. left join .. on
- table A left join table B on tableA.col1 = tableB.col2 ;
- 例句:
- select 列名 from table A left join table B on tableA.col1 = tableB.col2
- 2. 右链接: right join
- 3. 内连接: inner join
- 左右连接都是以在左边的表的数据为准,沿着左表查右表.
- 内连接是以两张表都有的共同部分数据为准,也就是左右连接的数据之交集.
- 7 子查询
- where 型子查询:内层sql的返回值在where后作为条件表达式的一部分
- 例句: select * from tableA where colA = (select colB from tableB where ...);
- from 型子查询:内层sql查询结果,作为一张表,供外层的sql语句再次查询
- 例句:select * from (select * from ...) as tableName where ....
- 8: 字符集
- 客服端sql编码 character_set_client
- 服务器转化后的sql编码 character_set_connection
- 服务器返回给客户端的结果集编码 character_set_results
- 快速把以上3个变量设为相同值: set names 字符集
- 存储引擎 engine=1\2
- 1 Myisam 速度快 不支持事务 回滚
- 2 Innodb 速度慢 支持事务,回滚
- ①开启事务 start transaction
- ②运行sql;
- ③提交,同时生效\回滚 commit\rollback
- 触发器 trigger
- 监视地点:表
- 监视行为:增 删 改
- 触发时间:after\before
- 触发事件:增 删 改
- 创建触发器语法
- create trigger tgName
- after/before insert/delete/update
- on tableName
- for each row
- sql; -- 触发语句
- 删除触发器:drop trigger tgName;
- 索引
- 提高查询速度,但是降低了增删改的速度,所以使用索引时,要综合考虑.
- 索引不是越多越好,一般我们在常出现于条件表达式中的列加索引.
- 值越分散的列,索引的效果越好
- 索引类型
- primary key主键索引
- index 普通索引
- unique index 唯一性索引
- fulltext index 全文索引
- 综合练习:
- 连接上数据库服务器
- 创建一个gbk编码的数据库
- 建立商品表和栏目表,字段如下:
- 商品表:goods
- goods_id --主键,
- goods_name -- 商品名称
- cat_id -- 栏目id
- brand_id -- 品牌id
- goods_sn -- 货号
- goods_number -- 库存量
- shop_price -- 价格
- goods_desc --商品详细描述
- 栏目表:category
- cat_id --主键
- cat_name -- 栏目名称
- parent_id -- 栏目的父id
- 建表完成后,作以下操作:
- 删除goods表的goods_desc 字段,及货号字段
- 并增加字段:click_count -- 点击量
- 在goods_name列上加唯一性索引
- 在shop_price列上加普通索引
- 在clcik_count列上加普通索引
- 删除click_count列上的索引
- 对goods表插入以下数据:
- +----------+------------------------------+--------+----------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------+
- | goods_id | goods_name | cat_id | brand_id | goods_sn | goods_number | shop_price | click_count |
- +----------+------------------------------+--------+----------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------+
- | 1 | KD876 | 4 | 8 | ECS000000 | 10 | 1388.00 | 7 |
- | 4 | 诺基亚N85原装充电器 | 8 | 1 | ECS000004 | 17 | 58.00 | 0 |
- | 3 | 诺基亚原装5800耳机 | 8 | 1 | ECS000002 | 24 | 68.00 | 3 |
- | 5 | 索爱原装M2卡读卡器 | 11 | 7 | ECS000005 | 8 | 20.00 | 3 |
- | 6 | 胜创KINGMAX内存卡 | 11 | 0 | ECS000006 | 15 | 42.00 | 0 |
- | 7 | 诺基亚N85原装立体声耳机HS-82 | 8 | 1 | ECS000007 | 20 | 100.00 | 0 |
- | 8 | 飞利浦9@9v | 3 | 4 | ECS000008 | 17 | 399.00 | 9 |
- | 9 | 诺基亚E66 | 3 | 1 | ECS000009 | 13 | 2298.00 | 20 |
- | 10 | 索爱C702c | 3 | 7 | ECS000010 | 7 | 1328.00 | 11 |
- | 11 | 索爱C702c | 3 | 7 | ECS000011 | 1 | 1300.00 | 0 |
- | 12 | 摩托罗拉A810 | 3 | 2 | ECS000012 | 8 | 983.00 | 14 |
- | 13 | 诺基亚5320 XpressMusic | 3 | 1 | ECS000013 | 8 | 1311.00 | 13 |
- | 14 | 诺基亚5800XM | 4 | 1 | ECS000014 | 4 | 2625.00 | 6 |
- | 15 | 摩托罗拉A810 | 3 | 2 | ECS000015 | 3 | 788.00 | 8 |
- | 16 | 恒基伟业G101 | 2 | 11 | ECS000016 | 0 | 823.33 | 3 |
- | 17 | 夏新N7 | 3 | 5 | ECS000017 | 1 | 2300.00 | 2 |
- | 18 | 夏新T5 | 4 | 5 | ECS000018 | 1 | 2878.00 | 0 |
- | 19 | 三星SGH-F258 | 3 | 6 | ECS000019 | 0 | 858.00 | 7 |
- | 20 | 三星BC01 | 3 | 6 | ECS000020 | 13 | 280.00 | 14 |
- | 21 | 金立 A30 | 3 | 10 | ECS000021 | 40 | 2000.00 | 4 |
- | 22 | 多普达Touch HD | 3 | 3 | ECS000022 | 0 | 5999.00 | 15 |
- | 23 | 诺基亚N96 | 5 | 1 | ECS000023 | 8 | 3700.00 | 17 |
- | 24 | P806 | 3 | 9 | ECS000024 | 148 | 2000.00 | 36 |
- | 25 | 小灵通/固话50元充值卡 | 13 | 0 | ECS000025 | 2 | 48.00 | 0 |
- | 26 | 小灵通/固话20元充值卡 | 13 | 0 | ECS000026 | 2 | 19.00 | 0 |
- | 27 | 联通100元充值卡 | 15 | 0 | ECS000027 | 2 | 95.00 | 0 |
- | 28 | 联通50元充值卡 | 15 | 0 | ECS000028 | 0 | 45.00 | 0 |
- | 29 | 移动100元充值卡 | 14 | 0 | ECS000029 | 0 | 90.00 | 0 |
- | 30 | 移动20元充值卡 | 14 | 0 | ECS000030 | 9 | 18.00 | 1 |
- | 31 | 摩托罗拉E8 | 3 | 2 | ECS000031 | 1 | 1337.00 | 5 |
- | 32 | 诺基亚N85 | 3 | 1 | ECS000032 | 1 | 3010.00 | 9 |
- +----------+------------------------------+--------+----------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------+
- 三 查询知识
- 注:以下查询基于ecshop网站的商品表(ecs_goods)
- 在练习时可以只取部分列,方便查看.
- 1: 基础查询 where的练习:
- 查出满足以下条件的商品
- 1.1:主键为32的商品
- select goods_id,goods_name,shop_price
- from ecs_goods
- where goods_id=32;
- 1.2:不属第3栏目的所有商品
- select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods
- where cat_id!=3;
- 1.3:本店价格高于3000元的商品
- select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods
- where shop_price >3000;
- 1.4:本店价格低于或等于100元的商品
- select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods where shop_price <=100;
- 1.5:取出第4栏目或第11栏目的商品(不许用or)
- select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods
- where cat_id in (4,11);
- 1.6:取出100<=价格<=500的商品(不许用and)
- select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods
- where shop_price between 100 and 500;
- 1.7:取出不属于第3栏目且不属于第11栏目的商品(and,或not in分别实现)
- select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods where cat_id!=3 and cat_id!=11;
- select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods where cat_id not in (3,11);
- 1.8:取出价格大于100且小于300,或者大于4000且小于5000的商品()
- select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods where shop_price>100 and shop_price <300 or shop_price >4000 and shop_price <5000;
- 1.9:取出第3个栏目下面价格<1000或>3000,并且点击量>5的系列商品
- select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price,click_count from ecs_goods where
- cat_id=3 and (shop_price <1000 or shop_price>3000) and click_count>5;
- 1.10:取出第1个栏目下面的商品(注意:1栏目下面没商品,但其子栏目下有)
- select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price,click_count from ecs_goods
- where cat_id in (2,3,4,5);
- 1.11:取出名字以"诺基亚"开头的商品
- select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods where goods_name like '诺基亚%';
- 1.12:取出名字为"诺基亚Nxx"的手机
- select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods
- where goods_name like '诺基亚N__';
- 1.13:取出名字不以"诺基亚"开头的商品
- select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goos
- where goods_name not like '诺基亚%';
- 1.14:取出第3个栏目下面价格在1000到3000之间,并且点击量>5 "诺基亚"开头的系列商品
- select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods where
- cat_id=3 and shop_price>1000 and shop_price <3000 and click_count>5 and goods_name like '诺基亚%';
- select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods where
- shop_price between 1000 and 3000 and cat_id=3 and click_count>5 and goods_name like '诺基亚%';
- 一道面试题
- 有如下表和数组
- 把num值处于[20,29]之间,改为20
- num值处于[30,39]之间的,改为30
- mian表
- +------+
- | num |
- +------+
- | 3 |
- | 12 |
- | 15 |
- | 25 |
- | 23 |
- | 29 |
- | 34 |
- | 37 |
- | 32 |
- | 45 |
- | 48 |
- | 52 |
- +------+
- 练习题:
- 把good表中商品名为'诺基亚xxxx'的商品,改为'HTCxxxx',
- 提示:大胆的把列看成变量,参与运算,甚至调用函数来处理 .
- substring(),concat()
- 2 分组查询group:
- 2.1:查出最贵的商品的价格
- select max(shop_price) from ecs_goods;
- 2.2:查出最大(最新)的商品编号
- select max(goods_id) from ecs_goods;
- 2.3:查出最便宜的商品的价格
- select min(shop_price) from ecs_goods;
- 2.4:查出最旧(最小)的商品编号
- select min(goods_id) from ecs_goods;
- 2.5:查询该店所有商品的库存总量
- select sum(goods_number) from ecs_goods;
- 2.6:查询所有商品的平均价
- select avg(shop_price) from ecs_goods;
- 2.7:查询该店一共有多少种商品
- select count(*) from ecs_goods;
- 2.8:查询每个栏目下面
- 最贵商品价格
- 最低商品价格
- 商品平均价格
- 商品库存量
- 商品种类
- 提示:(5个聚合函数,sum,avg,max,min,count与group综合运用)
- select cat_id,max(shop_price) from ecs_goods group by cat_id;
- 3 having与group综合运用查询:
- 3.1:查询该店的商品比市场价所节省的价格
- select goods_id,goods_name,market_price-shop_price as j
- from ecs_goods ;
- 3.2:查询每个商品所积压的货款(提示:库存*单价)
- select goods_id,goods_name,goods_number*shop_price from ecs_goods
- 3.3:查询该店积压的总货款
- select sum(goods_number*shop_price) from ecs_goods;
- 3.4:查询该店每个栏目下面积压的货款.
- select cat_id,sum(goods_number*shop_price) as k from ecs_goods group by cat_id;
- 3.5:查询比市场价省钱200元以上的商品及该商品所省的钱(where和having分别实现)
- select goods_id,goods_name,market_price-shop_price as k from ecs_goods
- where market_price-shop_price >200;
- select goods_id,goods_name,market_price-shop_price as k from ecs_goods
- having k >200;
- 3.6:查询积压货款超过2W元的栏目,以及该栏目积压的货款
- select cat_id,sum(goods_number*shop_price) as k from ecs_goods group by cat_id
- having k>20000
- 3.7:where-having-group综合练习题
- 有如下表及数据
- +------+---------+-------+
- | name | subject | score |
- +------+---------+-------+
- | 张三 | 数学 | 90 |
- | 张三 | 语文 | 50 |
- | 张三 | 地理 | 40 |
- | 李四 | 语文 | 55 |
- | 李四 | 政治 | 45 |
- | 王五 | 政治 | 30 |
- +------+---------+-------+
- 要求:查询出2门及2门以上不及格者的平均成绩
- ## 一种错误做法
- mysql> select name,count(score<60) as k,avg(score) from stu group by name having k>=2;
- +------+---+------------+
- | name | k | avg(score) |
- +------+---+------------+
- | 张三 | 3 | 60.0000 |
- | 李四 | 2 | 50.0000 |
- +------+---+------------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select name,count(score<60) as k,avg(score) from stu group by name;
- +------+---+------------+
- | name | k | avg(score) |
- +------+---+------------+
- | 张三 | 3 | 60.0000 |
- | 李四 | 2 | 50.0000 |
- | 王五 | 1 | 30.0000 |
- +------+---+------------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select name,count(score<60) as k,avg(score) from stu group by name having k>=2;
- +------+---+------------+
- | name | k | avg(score) |
- +------+---+------------+
- | 张三 | 3 | 60.0000 |
- | 李四 | 2 | 50.0000 |
- +------+---+------------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- #加上赵六后错误暴露
- mysql> insert into stu
- -> values
- -> ('赵六','A',100),
- -> ('赵六','B',99),
- -> ('赵六','C',98);
- Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.05 sec)
- Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
- #错误显现
- mysql> select name,count(score<60) as k,avg(score) from stu group by name having k>=2;
- +------+---+------------+
- | name | k | avg(score) |
- +------+---+------------+
- | 张三 | 3 | 60.0000 |
- | 李四 | 2 | 50.0000 |
- | 赵六 | 3 | 99.0000 |
- +------+---+------------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- #正确思路,先查看每个人的平均成绩
- mysql> select name,avg(score) from stu group by name;
- +------+------------+
- | name | avg(score) |
- +------+------------+
- | 张三 | 60.0000 |
- | 李四 | 50.0000 |
- | 王五 | 30.0000 |
- | 赵六 | 99.0000 |
- +------+------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> # 看每个人挂科情况
- mysql> select name,score < 60 from stu;
- +------+------------+
- | name | score < 60 |
- +------+------------+
- | 张三 | 0 |
- | 张三 | 1 |
- | 张三 | 1 |
- | 李四 | 1 |
- | 李四 | 1 |
- | 王五 | 1 |
- | 赵六 | 0 |
- | 赵六 | 0 |
- | 赵六 | 0 |
- +------+------------+
- 9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> #计算每个人的挂科科目
- mysql> select name,sum(score < 60) from stu group by name;
- +------+-----------------+
- | name | sum(score < 60) |
- +------+-----------------+
- | 张三 | 2 |
- | 李四 | 2 |
- | 王五 | 1 |
- | 赵六 | 0 |
- +------+-----------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- #同时计算每人的平均分
- mysql> select name,sum(score < 60),avg(score) as pj from stu group by name;
- +------+-----------------+---------+
- | name | sum(score < 60) | pj |
- +------+-----------------+---------+
- | 张三 | 2 | 60.0000 |
- | 李四 | 2 | 50.0000 |
- | 王五 | 1 | 30.0000 |
- | 赵六 | 0 | 99.0000 |
- +------+-----------------+---------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- #利用having筛选挂科2门以上的.
- mysql> select name,sum(score < 60) as gk ,avg(score) as pj from stu group by name having gk >=2;
- +------+------+---------+
- | name | gk | pj |
- +------+------+---------+
- | 张三 | 2 | 60.0000 |
- | 李四 | 2 | 50.0000 |
- +------+------+---------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 4: order by 与 limit查询
- 4.1:按价格由高到低排序
- select goods_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods order by shop_price desc;
- 4.2:按发布时间由早到晚排序
- select goods_id,goods_name,add_time from ecs_goods order by add_time;
- 4.3:接栏目由低到高排序,栏目内部按价格由高到低排序
- select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods
- order by cat_id ,shop_price desc;
- 4.4:取出价格最高的前三名商品
- select goods_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods order by shop_price desc limit 3;
- 4.5:取出点击量前三名到前5名的商品
- select goods_id,goods_name,click_count from ecs_goods order by click_count desc limit 2,3;
- 5 连接查询
- 5.1:取出所有商品的商品名,栏目名,价格
- select goods_name,cat_name,shop_price from
- ecs_goods left join ecs_category
- on ecs_goods.cat_id=ecs_category.cat_id;
- 5.2:取出第4个栏目下的商品的商品名,栏目名,价格
- select goods_name,cat_name,shop_price from
- ecs_goods left join ecs_category
- on ecs_goods.cat_id=ecs_category.cat_id
- where ecs_goods.cat_id = 4;
- 5.3:取出第4个栏目下的商品的商品名,栏目名,与品牌名
- select goods_name,cat_name,brand_name from
- ecs_goods left join ecs_category
- on ecs_goods.cat_id=ecs_category.cat_id
- left join ecs_brand
- on ecs_goods.brand_id=ecs_brand.brand_id
- where ecs_goods.cat_id = 4;
- 5.4: 用友面试题
- 根据给出的表结构按要求写出SQL语句。
- Match 赛程表
- <table border="1">
- <tr>
- <td>字段名称</td><td>字段类型</td><td>描述</td>
- </tr>
- <tr><td>matchID</td><td>int</td><td>主键</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>hostTeamID</td><td>int</td><td>主队的ID</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>guestTeamID</td><td>int</td><td>客队的ID</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>matchResult</td><td>varchar(20)</td><td>比赛结果,如(2:0)</td>
- </tr>
- <tr><td>matchTime</td><td>date</td><td>比赛开始时间</td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- Team 参赛队伍表
- <table border="1">
- <tr>
- <td>字段名称</td><td>字段类型</td><td>描述</td>
- </tr>
- <tr><td>teamID</td><td>int</td><td>主键</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>teamName</td><td>varchar(20)</td><td>队伍名称</td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- Match的hostTeamID与guestTeamID都与Team中的teamID关联
- 查出 2006-6-1 到2006-7-1之间举行的所有比赛,并且用以下形式列出:
- 拜仁 2:0 不来梅 2006-6-21
- mysql> select * from m;
- +-----+------+------+------+------------+
- | mid | hid | gid | mres | matime |
- +-----+------+------+------+------------+
- | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2:0 | 2006-05-21 |
- | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1:2 | 2006-06-21 |
- | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2:5 | 2006-06-25 |
- | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3:2 | 2006-07-21 |
- +-----+------+------+------+------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select * from t;
- +------+----------+
- | tid | tname |
- +------+----------+
- | 1 | 国安 |
- | 2 | 申花 |
- | 3 | 传智联队 |
- +------+----------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select hid,t1.tname as hname ,mres,gid,t2.tname as gname,matime
- -> from
- -> m left join t as t1
- -> on m.hid = t1.tid
- -> left join t as t2
- -> on m.gid = t2.tid;
- +------+----------+------+------+----------+------------+
- | hid | hname | mres | gid | gname | matime |
- +------+----------+------+------+----------+------------+
- | 1 | 国安 | 2:0 | 2 | 申花 | 2006-05-21 |
- | 2 | 申花 | 1:2 | 3 | 传智联队 | 2006-06-21 |
- | 3 | 传智联队 | 2:5 | 1 | 国安 | 2006-06-25 |
- | 2 | 申花 | 3:2 | 1 | 国安 | 2006-07-21 |
- +------+----------+------+------+----------+------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 6 union查询
- 6.1:把ecs_comment,ecs_feedback两个表中的数据,各取出4列,并把结果集union成一个结果集.
- 6.2:3期学员碰到的一道面试题
- A表:
- +------+------+
- | id | num |
- +------+------+
- | a | 5 |
- | b | 10 |
- | c | 15 |
- | d | 10 |
- +------+------+
- B表:
- +------+------+
- | id | num |
- +------+------+
- | b | 5 |
- | c | 15 |
- | d | 20 |
- | e | 99 |
- +------+------+
- mysql> # 合并 ,注意all的作用
- mysql> select * from ta
- -> union all
- -> select * from tb;
- +------+------+
- | id | num |
- +------+------+
- | a | 5 |
- | b | 10 |
- | c | 15 |
- | d | 10 |
- | b | 5 |
- | c | 15 |
- | d | 20 |
- | e | 99 |
- +------+------+
- 要求查询出以下效果:
- +------+----------+
- | id | sum(num) |
- +------+----------+
- | a | 5 |
- | b | 15 |
- | c | 30 |
- | d | 30 |
- | e | 99 |
- +------+----------+
- 参考答案:
- mysql> # sum,group求和
- mysql> select id,sum(num) from (select * from ta union all select * from tb) as tmp group by id;
- +------+----------+
- | id | sum(num) |
- +------+----------+
- | a | 5 |
- | b | 15 |
- | c | 25 |
- | d | 30 |
- | e | 99 |
- +------+----------+
- 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 7: 子查询:
- 7.1:查询出最新一行商品(以商品编号最大为最新,用子查询实现)
- select goods_id,goods_name from
- ecs_goods where goods_id =(select max(goods_id) from ecs_goods);
- 7.2:查询出编号为19的商品的栏目名称(用左连接查询和子查询分别)
- 7.3:用where型子查询把ecs_goods表中的每个栏目下面最新的商品取出来
- select goods_id,goods_name,cat_id from ecs_goods where goods_id in (select max(goods_id) from ecs_goods group by cat_id);
- 7.4:用from型子查询把ecs_goods表中的每个栏目下面最新的商品取出来
- select * from (select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name from ecs_goods order by goods_id desc) as t group by cat_id;
- 创建触发器:
- CREATE trigger tg2
- after insert on ord
- for each row
- update goods set goods_number=goods_number-new.num where id=new.gid
- CREATE trigger tg3
- after delete on ord
- for each row
- update goods set goods_number=good_number+old.num where id=old.gid
- CREATE trigger tg4
- after update on ord
- for each row
- update goods set goods_number=goods_number+old.num-new.num where id=old.gid
- </pre>
- <h3>2012-03-25更新,添加了面试案例</h3>