在PHPmyadmin中,我们不能用 "delimiter //" 来指定分隔符,而应当在SQl窗口中手工把 ";" 改为 "//" ,要不我们总是会得到建立存储过程错误的信息——如果你的存储过程用";"来分隔的话。
以下顺便转载一篇不错的Mysql存储过程实例教程:
转载自:http://blog.aladada.com/Joince/2009/02/12/17999
MySQL 存储过程是从 MySQL 5.0 开始增加的新功能。存储过程的优点有一箩筐。不过最主要的还是执行效率和SQL 代码封装。特别是 SQL 代码封装功能,如果没有存储过程,在外部程序访问数据库时(例如 PHP),要组织很多 SQL 语句。特别是业务逻辑复杂的时候,一大堆的 SQL 和条件夹杂在 PHP 代码中,让人不寒而栗。现在有了 MySQL 存储过程,业务逻辑可以封装存储过程中,这样不仅容易维护,而且执行效率也高。
一、MySQL 创建存储过程
“pr_add” 是个简单的 MySQL 存储过程,这个存储过程有两个 int 类型的输入参数 “a”、“b”,返回这两个参数的和。
drop procedure if exists pr_add;
-- 计算两个数之和
create procedure pr_add
(
a int,
b int
)
begin
declare c int;
if a is null then
set a = 0;
end if;
if b is null then
set b = 0;
end if;
set c = a + b;
select c as sum;
/*
return c;- 不能在 MySQL 存储过程中使用。return 只能出现在函数中。
/
end;
二、调用 MySQL 存储过程
call pr_add(10, 20);
执行 MySQL 存储过程,存储过程参数为 MySQL 用户变量。
set @a = 10;
set @b = 20;
call pr_add(@a, @b);
三、MySQL 存储过程特点
创建 MySQL 存储过程的简单语法为:
create procedure 存储过程名字()
(
[in|out|inout] 参数 datatype
)
begin
MySQL 语句;
end;
MySQL 存储过程参数如果不显式指定“in”、“out”、“inout”,则默认为“in”。习惯上,对于是“in” 的参数,我们都不会显式指定。
1. MySQL 存储过程名字后面的“()”是必须的,即使没有一个参数,也需要“()”
2. MySQL 存储过程参数,不能在参数名称前加“@”,如:“@a int”。下面的创建存储过程语法在 MySQL 中是错误的(在 SQL Server 中是正确的)。 MySQL 存储过程中的变量,不需要在变量名字前加“@”,虽然 MySQL 客户端用户变量要加个“@”。
create procedure pr_add
(
@a int,- 错误
b int- 正确
)
3. MySQL 存储过程的参数不能指定默认值。
4. MySQL 存储过程不需要在 procedure body 前面加 “as”。而 SQL Server 存储过程必须加 “as” 关键字。
create procedure pr_add
(
a int,
b int
)
as- 错误,MySQL 不需要 “as”
begin
mysql statement ...;
end;
5. 如果 MySQL 存储过程中包含多条 MySQL 语句,则需要 begin end 关键字。
create procedure pr_add
(
a int,
b int
)
begin
mysql statement 1 ...;
mysql statement 2 ...;
end;
6. MySQL 存储过程中的每条语句的末尾,都要加上分号 “;”
...
declare c int;
if a is null then
set a = 0;
end if;
...
end;
7. MySQL 存储过程中的注释。
/*
这是个
多行 MySQL 注释。
/
declare c int;- 这是单行 MySQL 注释 (注意- 后至少要有一个空格)
if a is null then 这也是个单行 MySQL 注释
set a = 0;
end if;
...
end;
8. 不能在 MySQL 存储过程中使用 “return” 关键字。
set c = a + b;
select c as sum;
/*
return c;- 不能在 MySQL 存储过程中使用。return 只能出现在函数中。
/
end;
9. 调用 MySQL 存储过程时候,需要在过程名字后面加“()”,即使没有一个参数,也需要“()”
call pr_no_param();
10. 因为 MySQL 存储过程参数没有默认值,所以在调用 MySQL 存储过程时候,不能省略参数。可以用 null 来替代。
call pr_add(10, null);
还有这个:http://blog.aladada.com/Joince/2009/02/12/18000
1,前提
需要MySQL 5
2,Hello World
MySQL存储过程之Hello World
- DELIMITER$$
- DROPPROCEDUREIFEXISTSHelloWorld$$
- CREATEPROCEDUREHelloWorld()
- BEGIN
- SELECT "HelloWorld!" ;
- END$$
- DELIMITER;
DELIMITER$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS HelloWorld$$
CREATE PROCEDURE HelloWorld()
BEGIN
SELECT "Hello World!";
END$$
DELIMITER ;
3,变量
使用DECLARE 来声明,DEFAULT 赋默认值,SET 赋值
- DECLAREcounterINTDEFAULT 0 ;
- SETcounter=counter+ 1 ;
DECLARE counter INT DEFAULT 0;
SET counter = counter+1;
4,参数
IN 为默认类型,值必须在调用时指定,值不能返回(值传递)
OUT 值可以返回(指针传递)
INOUT 值必须在调用时指定,值可以返回
- CREATEPROCEDUREtest(aINT,OUTbFLOAT,INOUTcINT)
CREATE PROCEDURE test(a INT, OUT b FLOAT, INOUT c INT)
5,条件判断
IF THEN 、ELSEIF 、ELSE 、END IF
- DELIMITER$$
- DROPPROCEDUREIFEXISTSdiscounted_price$$
- CREATEPROCEDUREdiscunted_price(normal_priceNUMERIC( 8 , 2 ),OUTdiscount_priceNUMERIC( 8 , 2 ))
- BEGIN
- IF(normal_price> 500 )THEN
- SETdiscount_price=normal_price*. 8 ;
- ELSEIF(normal_price> 100 )THEN
- SETdiscount_price=normal_price*. 9 ;
- ELSE
- SETdiscount_price=normal_price;
- ENDIF;
- END$$
- DELIMITER;
DELIMITER$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS discounted_price$$
CREATE PROCEDURE discunted_price(normal_price NUMERIC(8, 2), OUT discount_price NUMERIC(8, 2))
BEGIN
IF (normal_price > 500) THEN
SET discount_price = normal_price .8;
ELSEIF (normal_price > 100) THEN
SET discount_price = normal_price .9;
ELSE
SET discount_price = normal_price;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
6,循环
LOOP 、END LOOP
- DELIMITER$$
- DROPPROCEDUREIFEXISTSsimple_loop$$
- CREATEPROCEDUREsimple_loop(OUTcounterINT)
- BEGIN
- SETcounter= 0 ;
- my_simple_loop:LOOP
- SETcounter=counter+ 1 ;
- IFcounter= 10 THEN
- LEAVEmy_simple_loop;
- ENDIF;
- ENDLOOPmy_simple_loop;
- END$$
- DELIMITER;
DELIMITER$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_loop$$
CREATE PROCEDURE simple_loop(OUT counter INT)
BEGIN
SET counter = 0;
my_simple_loop: LOOP
SET counter = counter+1;
IF counter = 10 THEN
LEAVE my_simple_loop;
END IF;
END LOOP my_simple_loop;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
WHILE DO 、END WHILE
- DELIMITER$$
- DROPPROCEDUREIFEXISTSsimple_while$$
- CREATEPROCEDUREsimple_while(OUTcounterINT)
- BEGIN
- SETcounter= 0 ;
- WHILEcounter!= 10 DO
- SETcounter=counter+ 1 ;
- ENDWHILE;
- END$$
- DELIMITER;
DELIMITER$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_while$$
CREATE PROCEDURE simple_while(OUT counter INT)
BEGIN
SET counter = 0;
WHILE counter != 10 DO
SET counter = counter+1;
END WHILE;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
REPEAT 、UNTILL
- DELIMITER$$
- DROPPROCEDUREIFEXISTSsimple_repeat$$
- CREATEPROCEDUREsimple_repeat(OUTcounterINT)
- BEGIN
- SETcounter= 0 ;
- REPEAT
- SETcounter=counter+ 1 ;
- UNTILcounter= 10 ENDREPEAT;
- END$$
- DELIMITER;
DELIMITER$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_repeat$$
CREATE PROCEDURE simple_repeat(OUT counter INT)
BEGIN
SET counter = 0;
REPEAT
SET counter = counter+1;
UNTIL counter = 10 END REPEAT;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
7,异常处理
如果用cursor获取SELECT语句返回的所有结果集时应该定义NOT FOUND error handler来防止存储程序提前终结
如果SQL语句可能返回constraint violation等错误时应该创建一个handler来防止程序终结
8,数据库交互
INTO 用于存储单行记录的查询结果
- DECLAREtotal_salesNUMERIC( 8 , 2 );
- SELECTSUM(sale_value)INTOtotal_salesFROMsalesWHEREcustomer_id=in_customer_id;
DECLARE total_sales NUMERIC(8, 2);
SELECT SUM(sale_value) INTO total_sales FROM sales WHERE customer_id=in_customer_id;
CURSOR 用于处理多行记录的查询结果
- DELIMITER$$
- DROPPROCEDUREIFEXITScursor_example$$
- CREATEPROCEDUREcursor_example()
- READSSQLDATA
- BEGIN
- DECLAREl_employee_idINT;
- DECLAREl_salaryNUMERIC( 8 , 2 );
- DECLAREl_department_idINT;
- DECLAREdoneINTDEFAULT 0 ;
- DECLAREcur1CURSORFORSELECTemployee_id,salary,department_idFROMemployees;
- DECLARECONTINUEHANDLERFORNOTFOUNDSETdone= 1 ;
- OPENcur1;
- emp_loop:LOOP
- FETCHcur1INTOl_employee_id,l_salary,l_department_id;
- IFdone= 1 THEN
- LEAVEemp_loop;
- ENDIF;
- ENDLOOPemp_loop;
- CLOSEcur1;
- END$$
- DELIMITER;
DELIMITER$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXITS cursor_example$$
CREATE PROCEDURE cursor_example()
READS SQL DATA
BEGIN
DECLARE l_employee_id INT;
DECLARE l_salary NUMERIC(8,2);
DECLARE l_department_id INT;
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT employee_id, salary, department_id FROM employees;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1;
OPEN cur1;
emp_loop: LOOP
FETCH cur1 INTO l_employee_id, l_salary, l_department_id;
IF done=1 THEN
LEAVE emp_loop;
END IF;
END LOOP emp_loop;
CLOSE cur1;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
unbounded SELECT语句 用于存储过程返回结果集
- DELIMITER$$
- DROPPROCEDUREIFEXISTSsp_emps_in_dept$$
- CREATEPROCEDUREsp_emps_in_dept(in_employee_idINT)
- BEGIN
- SELECTemployee_id,surname,firstname,address1,address2,zipcode,date_of_birthFROMemployeesWHEREdepartment_id=in_employee_id;
- END$$
- DELIMITER;
DELIMITER$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS sp_emps_in_dept$$
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_emps_in_dept(in_employee_id INT)
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, surname, firstname, address1, address2, zipcode, date_of_birth FROM employees WHERE department_id=in_employee_id;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
UPDATE、INSERT、DELETE、CREATE TABLE等非查询语句 也可以嵌入存储过程里
- DELIMITER$$
- DROPPROCEDUREIFEXITSsp_update_salary$$
- CREATEPROCEDUREsp_update_salary(in_employee_idINT,in_new_salaryNUMERIC( 8 , 2 ))
- BEGIN
- IFin_new_salary< 5000 ORin_new_salary> 500000 THEN
- SELECT "Illegalsalary:salarymustbebetween$5000and$500,000" ;
- ELSE
- UPDATEemployeesSETsalary=in_new_salaryWHEREemployee_id=in_employee_id;
- ENDIF:
- END$$
- DELIMITER;
DELIMITER$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXITS sp_update_salary$$
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_update_salary(in_employee_id INT, in_new_salary NUMERIC(8,2))
BEGIN
IF in_new_salary < 5000 OR in_new_salary > 500000 THEN
SELECT "Illegal salary: salary must be between5000 and500, 000";
ELSE
UPDATE employees SET salary=in_new_salary WHERE employee_id=in_employee_id;
END IF:
END$$
DELIMITER ;
9,使用CALL 调用存储程序
- DELIMITER$$
- DROPPROCEDUREIFEXISTScall_example$$
- CREATEPROCEDUREcall_example(employee_idINT,employee_typeVARCHAR( 20 ))
- NOSQL
- BEGIN
- DECLAREl_bonus_amountNUMERIC( 8 , 2 );
- IFemployee_type= 'MANAGER' THEN
- CALLcalc_manager_bonus(employee_id,l_bonus_amount);
- ELSE
- CALLcalc_minion_bonus(employee_id,l_bonus_amount);
- ENDIF;
- CALLgrant_bonus(employee_id,l_bonus_amount);
- END$$
- DELIMITER;
DELIMITER$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS call_example$$
CREATE PROCEDURE call_example(employee_id INT, employee_type VARCHAR(20))
NO SQL
BEGIN
DECLARE l_bonus_amount NUMERIC(8,2);
IF employee_type='MANAGER' THEN
CALL calc_manager_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);
ELSE
CALL calc_minion_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);
END IF;
CALL grant_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);
END$$
DELIMITER ;
10,一个复杂的例子
- CREATEPROCEDUREputting_it_all_together(in_department_idINT)
- MODIFIESSQLDATA
- BEGIN
- DECLAREl_employee_idINT;
- DECLAREl_salaryNUMERIC( 8 , 2 );
- DECLAREl_department_idINT;
- DECLAREl_new_salaryNUMERIC( 8 , 2 );
- DECLAREdoneINTDEFAULT 0 ;
- DECLAREcur1CURSORFOR
- SELECTemployee_id,salary,department_id
- FROMemployees
- WHEREdepartment_id=in_department_id;
- DECLARECONTINUEHANDLERFORNOTFOUNDSETdone= 1 ;
- CREATETEMPORARYTABLEIFNOTEXISTSemp_raises
- (employee_idINT,department_idINT,new_salaryNUMERIC( 8 , 2 ));
- OPENcur1;
- emp_loop:LOOP
- FETCHcur1INTOl_employee_id,l_salary,l_department_id;
- IFdone= 1 THEN /*Nomorerows*/
- LEAVEemp_loop;
- ENDIF;
- CALLnew_salary(1_employee_id,l_new_salary); /*Getnewsalary*/
- IF(l_new_salary<>l_salary)THEN /*Salarychanged*/
- UPDATEemployees
- SETsalary=l_new_salary
- WHEREemployee_id=l_employee_id;
- /*Keeptrackofchangedsalaries*/
- INSERTINTOemp_raises(employee_id,department_id,new_salary)
- VALUES(l_employee_id,l_department_id,l_new_salary);
- ENDIF:
- ENDLOOPemp_loop;
- CLOSEcur1;
- /*Printoutthechangedsalaries*/
- SELECTemployee_id,department_id,new_salaryfromemp_raises
- ORDERBYemployee_id;
- END;
CREATE PROCEDURE putting_it_all_together(in_department_id INT)
MODIFIES SQL DATA
BEGIN
DECLARE l_employee_id INT;
DECLARE l_salary NUMERIC(8,2);
DECLARE l_department_id INT;
DECLARE l_new_salary NUMERIC(8,2);
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR
SELECT employee_id, salary, department_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id=in_department_id;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS emp_raises
(employee_id INT, department_id INT, new_salary NUMERIC(8,2));
OPEN cur1;
emp_loop: LOOP
FETCH cur1 INTO l_employee_id, l_salary, l_department_id;
IF done=1 THEN /* No more rows/
LEAVE emp_loop;
END IF;
CALL new_salary(1_employee_id, l_new_salary); /* Get new salary/
IF (l_new_salary <> l_salary) THEN /* Salary changed/
UPDATE employees
SET salary=l_new_salary
WHERE employee_id=l_employee_id;
/* Keep track of changed salaries/
INSERT INTO emp_raises(employee_id, department_id, new_salary)
VALUES (l_employee_id, l_department_id, l_new_salary);
END IF:
END LOOP emp_loop;
CLOSE cur1;
/* Print out the changed salaries/
SELECT employee_id, department_id, new_salary from emp_raises
ORDER BY employee_id;
END;
11,存储方法
存储方法与存储过程的区别
1,存储方法的参数列表只允许IN类型的参数,而且没必要也不允许指定IN关键字
2,存储方法返回一个单一的值,值的类型在存储方法的头部定义
3,存储方法可以在SQL语句内部调用
4,存储方法不能返回结果集
语法:
- CREATE
- [DEFINER={user|CURRENT_USER}]
- PROCEDUREsp_name([proc_parameter[,...]])
- [characteristic...]routine_body
- CREATE
- [DEFINER={user|CURRENT_USER}]
- FUNCTIONsp_name([func_parameter[,...]])
- RETURNStype
- [characteristic...]routine_body
- proc_parameter:
- [IN|OUT|INOUT]param_nametype
- func_parameter:
- param_nametype
- type:
- AnyvalidMySQLdatatype
- characteristic:
- LANGUAGESQL
- |[NOT]DETERMINISTIC
- |{CONTAINSSQL|NOSQL|READSSQLDATA|MODIFIESSQLDATA}
- |SQLSECURITY{DEFINER|INVOKER}
- |COMMENT 'string'
- routine_body:
- ValidSQLprocedurestatement
CREATE
[DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]
PROCEDURE sp_name ([proc_parameter[,...]])
[characteristic ...] routine_body
CREATE
[DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]
FUNCTION sp_name ([func_parameter[,...]])
RETURNS type
[characteristic ...] routine_body
proc_parameter:
[ IN | OUT | INOUT ] param_name type
func_parameter:
param_name type
type:
Any valid MySQL data type
characteristic:
LANGUAGE SQL
| [NOT] DETERMINISTIC
| { CONTAINS SQL | NO SQL | READS SQL DATA | MODIFIES SQL DATA }
| SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }
| COMMENT 'string'
routine_body:
Valid SQL procedure statement
各参数说明见CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Syntax
例子:
- DELIMITER$$
- DROPFUNCTIONIFEXISTSf_discount_price$$
- CREATEFUNCTIONf_discount_price
- (normal_priceNUMERIC( 8 , 2 ))
- RETURNSNUMERIC( 8 , 2 )
- DETERMINISTIC
- BEGIN
- DECLAREdiscount_priceNUMERIC( 8 , 2 );
- IF(normal_price> 500 )THEN
- SETdiscount_price=normal_price*. 8 ;
- ELSEIF(normal_price> 100 )THEN
- SETdiscount_price=normal_price*. 9 ;
- ELSE
- SETdiscount_price=normal_price;
- ENDIF;
- RETURN(discount_price);
- END$$
- DELIMITER;
DELIMITER$
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS f_discount_price$$
CREATE FUNCTION f_discount_price
(normal_price NUMERIC(8,2))
RETURNS NUMERIC(8,2)
DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
DECLARE discount_price NUMERIC(8,2);
IF (normal_price > 500) THEN
SET discount_price = normal_price .8;
ELSEIF (normal_price >100) THEN
SET discount_price = normal_price .9;
ELSE
SET discount_price = normal_price;
END IF;
RETURN(discount_price);
END$$
DELIMITER ;
12,触发器
触发器在INSERT、UPDATE或DELETE等DML语句修改数据库表时触发
触发器的典型应用场景是重要的业务逻辑、提高性能、监控表的修改等
触发器可以在DML语句执行前或后触发
- DELIMITER$$
- DROPTRIGGERsales_trigger$$
- CREATETRIGGERsales_trigger
- BEFOREINSERTONsales
- FOREACHROW
- BEGIN
- IFNEW.sale_value> 500 THEN
- SETNEW.free_shipping= 'Y' ;
- ELSE
- SETNEW.free_shipping= 'N' ;
- ENDIF;
- IFNEW.sale_value> 1000 THEN
- SETNEW.discount=NEW.sale_value*. 15 ;
- ELSE
- SETNEW.discount= 0 ;
- ENDIF;
- END$$
- DELIMITER;