cache/Ensemble中的异常处理

注：该文档代码均来自Ensemble官方文档

异常处理机制和大部分语言都一样，使用try将会抛出异常的语句包起来，在catch中处理异常，也可以用throw直接将异常抛出，交给父catch去处理看个简单的例子

  TRY {
    SET total=1234
    WRITE !,"Throw an exception!"
    THROW ##class(Sample.MyException).%New("Example Error",45)
    WRITE !,"this should not display"
  }
  CATCH myvar {
      WRITE !,"this is the exception handler"
      WRITE !,"Error code=",myvar.Code
      WRITE !,"Error name=",myvar.Name
  }
  WRITE !,"this is where the code falls through"

try块中 Sample.MyException类本身不存在，所以在new的时候会抛出异常，该类不存在，在catch中对异常进行说明，取到异常代码，和异常说明，继续执行后续语句，值得说明的就是，在抛出异常后我们后面的语句会继续执行，只是在执行的时候一旦遇到向之前类似的引用，程序将会报错。

在ensemble/cache中没有finally关键字

再看一段正常处理异常的例子，不影响后续代码的执行

TRY{
KILLx
WRITE!,"x is an undefined variable"
SETa=x
}
CATCHexceptionvar
{
WRITE!,"this is the error routine"
sx=1
WRITE!,"the error was: ",$ZERROR
WRITE!,"the error was: ",$ECODE
}
w!,x
WRITE!,"this is where the code falls through"
WRITE!,"the error was: ",$ZERROR
WRITE!,"the error was: ",$ECODE

在本段代码中，x不存在，所以在set a=x时会抛出异常，x未定义，所以我们在catch中设置x的值，这样在后续使用中就不会报错。

再看一段使用throw抛出异常的例子

 TRY {
     SET errdatazero="this is the zero error"
     SET errdataone="this is the one error"
     /* Error Randomizer */
        SET test=$RANDOM(3)
        WRITE "Error test is ",test,!
     IF test=0 { 
       SET myvar=##class(Sample.MyException).%New("Example Error",999,,errdatazero)
       WRITE !,"Throwing an exception!",!
       THROW myvar
       }
     ELSEIF test=1 { 
       SET myvar=##class(Sample.MyException).%New("Example Error",999,,errdataone)
       WRITE !,"Throwing an exception!",!
       THROW myvar
       }
     ELSE { WRITE !,"No THROW error this time" }
  }
  CATCH {
      WRITE !,"This is the exception handler"
      WRITE !,"Error code=",myvar.Code
      WRITE !,"Error name=",myvar.Name
      WRITE !,"Error data=",myvar.Data
      QUIT
  }
  WRITE !,!,"NOTE: Execution continues here"