Spring BeanPostProcessor类 (在Spring实例化bean的前后执行一些附加操作)

在Spring实例化bean的前后执行一些附加操作。

有时，你会发现需要立刻在Spring实例化一个bean的前后执行一些附件操作。这些操作可以简单到修改一个bean，也可以复杂到返回一个完全不同的对象。
BeanPostProcessor接口包含两个方法：
postProcessBeforeInitialization：在Spring调用任何bean的初始化钩子（例如InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet或者init方法）之前被调用。
postProcessAfterInitialization：Spring在成功完成嵌入初始化以后调用他。

例子1：
我们声明了一个实现了BeanPostProcessor接口的类InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor，这个类支持声明式的指定注解规则（默认为JSR 250注解）

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1. publicclassSimpleBean {
3. @PostConstruct
4. publicvoidinitialize() {
5. System.out.println("Initializing bean "+ getClass());
6. }
8. @PreDestroy
9. publicvoidcleanUp() {
10. System.out.println("Cleaning up bean "+ getClass());
11. }
13. }

配置：

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1. <?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xsi:schemaLocation="
5. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
6. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
8. <bean id="simpleBean"class="com.apress.prospring2.ch04.bpp.SimpleBean"/>
9. <bean id="bpp"class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor">
10. <property name="initAnnotationType"value="javax.annotation.PostConstruct"/>
11. <property name="destroyAnnotationType"value="javax.annotation.PreDestroy"/>
12. </bean>
14. </beans>

调用：

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1. publicclassSimpleBeanDemo {
3. publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args) {
4. ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory =newXmlBeanFactory(
5. newClassPathResource("/META-INF/spring/bpp-context.xml")
6. );
7. registerPostProcessor(beanFactory,"bpp");
9. SimpleBean sb = (SimpleBean)beanFactory.getBean("simpleBean");
10. System.out.println(sb);
12. beanFactory.destroySingletons();
13. }
15. privatestaticvoidregisterPostProcessor(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, String beanName) {
16. BeanPostProcessor bpp = (BeanPostProcessor) beanFactory.getBean(beanName);
17. beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(bpp);
18. }
20. }

例子2：自己实现一个BeanPostProcessor接口（改变bean的一个字段数据）
（例子的实现是像上面的例子一样，自己定义一个时间注解的实现）

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1. packagecn.partner4java.beanpostprocessor;
3. importjava.lang.annotation.ElementType;
4. importjava.lang.annotation.Retention;
5. importjava.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
6. importjava.lang.annotation.Target;
8. /**
9. * 声明一个运行时字段注解
10. * @author partner4java
11. *
12. */
13. @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
14. @Target(ElementType.FIELD)
15. public@interfaceTimeStamp {
16. }

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1. packagecn.partner4java.beanpostprocessor;
3. importjava.util.Date;
5. importjavax.annotation.PostConstruct;
6. importjavax.annotation.PreDestroy;
8. /**
9. * 指定交给Spring管理的bean
10. * @author partner4java
11. *
12. */
13. publicclassSimpleBean {
14. //自定义的注解
15. @TimeStamp
16. Date createDate;
18. //spring中InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor实现对bean init替代的注解
19. @PostConstruct
20. publicvoidinitialize(){
21. System.out.println("initialize: "+ getClass());
22. }
24. //spring中InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor实现对bean destory替代的注解
25. @PreDestroy
26. publicvoidcleanup(){
27. System.out.println("cleanup: "+ getClass());
28. }
30. @Override
31. publicString toString() {
32. return"SimpleBean [createDate="+ createDate +"]";
33. }
35. }

编写一个BeanPostProcessor来检查每一个bean并为他们注解了日志字段设置当前日期：

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1. packagecn.partner4java.beanpostprocessor;
3. importjava.lang.reflect.Field;
4. importjava.util.Date;
6. importorg.springframework.beans.BeansException;
7. importorg.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
8. importorg.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils;
10. /**
11. * 编写一个BeanPostProcessor来检查每一个bean并为他们注解了日志字段设置当前日期
12. * @author partner4java
13. *
14. */
15. publicclassTimestampingBeanPostProcessorimplementsBeanPostProcessor {
17. publicObject postProcessBeforeInitialization(finalObject bean, String beanName)
18. throwsBeansException {
19. ReflectionUtils.doWithFields(bean.getClass(),
20. newReflectionUtils.FieldCallback() {
21. publicvoiddoWith(Field field)throwsIllegalArgumentException,
22. IllegalAccessException {
23. field.set(bean,newDate());
24. }
25. },newReflectionUtils.FieldFilter() {
26. publicbooleanmatches(Field field) {
27. returnfield.getType() == Date.class&& field.getAnnotation(TimeStamp.class) !=null;
28. }
29. });
31. returnbean;
32. }
34. publicObject postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
35. throwsBeansException {
36. returnbean;
37. }
39. }

配置文件：

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1. <?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xsi:schemaLocation="
5. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
6. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
8. <bean id="simpleBean"class="cn.partner4java.beanpostprocessor.SimpleBean"/>
9. <bean id="bpp1"class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor">
10. <property name="initAnnotationType"value="javax.annotation.PostConstruct"/>
11. <property name="destroyAnnotationType"value="javax.annotation.PreDestroy"/>
12. </bean>
13. <bean id="bpp2"class="cn.partner4java.beanpostprocessor.TimestampingBeanPostProcessor"/>
15. </beans>

调用：

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1. packagecn.partner4java.beanpostprocessor;
3. importjavax.annotation.PreDestroy;
5. importorg.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
6. importorg.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
7. importorg.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory;
8. importorg.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
10. publicclassSimpleBeanDemo {
12. publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args) {
13. ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory =newXmlBeanFactory(
14. newClassPathResource("/META-INF/spring/spring-beanpostprocessor.xml")
15. );
16. registerPostProcessor(beanFactory,"bpp1");
17. registerPostProcessor(beanFactory,"bpp2");
19. SimpleBean sb = (SimpleBean)beanFactory.getBean("simpleBean");
20. System.out.println(sb);
22. //@PreDestroy是被这个方法调用执行的
23. beanFactory.destroySingletons();
24. }
26. privatestaticvoidregisterPostProcessor(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, String beanName) {
27. BeanPostProcessor bpp = (BeanPostProcessor) beanFactory.getBean(beanName);
28. beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(bpp);
29. }
31. }
32. //后台打印：
33. //initialize: class cn.partner4java.beanpostprocessor.SimpleBean
34. //SimpleBean [createDate=Tue Nov 15 16:18:33 CST 2011]
35. //cleanup: class cn.partner4java.beanpostprocessor.SimpleBean

例子3：
Spring自带的简单支持，例子中完全修改了一个bean的类型，从Dependency类转变为了String类型的字符串。(改变一个bean的类型)
（org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor）
（继承public abstract class InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter implements SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor。
这让我们使用这个回调处理适配器来实现能够预测回调处理bean的类型的BeanPostProcessor接口）

我们在下面的定义中指定了一个自动关联的注解，但是我们系统中并没有String类型的dependency关联，只要一个Dependency类交给了Spring。

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1. publicclassSimpleBean {
2. @Timestamp
3. Date creationDate;
5. @Autowired
6. String dependency;
8. @PostConstruct
9. publicvoidinitialize() {
10. System.out.println("Initializing bean "+ getClass());
11. }
13. @PreDestroy
14. publicvoidcleanUp() {
15. System.out.println("Cleaning up bean "+ getClass());
16. }
18. @Override
19. publicString toString() {
20. return"Bean was created at "+this.creationDate +" with "+this.dependency;
21. }
22. }

我们修改bean的类型：

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1. publicclassTypedDependencyBeanPostProcessorextendsInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter {
3. publicClass predictBeanType(Class beanClass, String beanName) {
4. if(beanClass.equals(Dependency.class)) {
5. returnString.class;
6. }
7. returnbeanClass;
8. }
10. publicObject postProcessBeforeInitialization(finalObject bean,finalString beanName)throwsBeansException {
11. if(bean.getClass().equals(Dependency.class)) {
12. return"Hello, world";
13. }
14. returnbean;
15. }
17. publicObject postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)throwsBeansException {
18. returnbean;
19. }
20. }

配置：

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1. <?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xsi:schemaLocation="
5. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
6. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
8. <bean id="dependency"class="com.apress.prospring2.ch04.bpp.Dependency"/>
9. <bean id="simpleBean"class="com.apress.prospring2.ch04.bpp.SimpleBean"/>
10. <bean id="bpp"class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor">
11. <property name="initAnnotationType"value="javax.annotation.PostConstruct"/>
12. <property name="destroyAnnotationType"value="javax.annotation.PreDestroy"/>
13. </bean>
14. <bean id="bpp2"class="com.apress.prospring2.ch04.bpp.TimestampingBeanPostProcessor"/>
15. <bean id="bpp3"class="com.apress.prospring2.ch04.bpp.TypedDependencyBeanPostProcessor"/>
16. <bean id="bpp4"class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>
18. </beans>