【精】ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: 解决方法

今天登陆到数据库做了一个小测试后 忘记了用命令删除表空间，直接在Linux下删掉了数据文件，

结果，悲剧就开始了。(弄明白了整理出来大家共同study)

实验环境：

[oracle@tyger ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4.6 (Tikanga)
[oracle@tyger ~]$ . .bash_profile
[oracle@tyger ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 1 15:54:53 2014


Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.




Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options


SYS@ORCL>select status from v$instance;


STATUS
------------
OPEN


SYS@ORCL>select * from v$version;


BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

查看一下当前数据库中的数据文件有哪些

用到 数据字典 （dba_data_files dba_tablespaces ) 和 v$datafile

SYS@ORCL>select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;


TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
USERS
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf


SYSAUX
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf


UNDOTBS1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf




TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SYSTEM
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf


EXAMPLE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf


SYS@ORCL>col file_name for a50
SYS@ORCL>col tablespace_name for a10
SYS@ORCL>/


TABLESPACE FILE_NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
EXAMPLE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf


SYS@ORCL>select tablespace_name,status,contents from dba_tablespaces;


TABLESPACE STATUS CONTENTS
---------- --------- ---------
SYSTEM ONLINE PERMANENT
UNDOTBS1 ONLINE UNDO
SYSAUX ONLINE PERMANENT
TEMP ONLINE TEMPORARY
USERS ONLINE PERMANENT
EXAMPLE ONLINE PERMANENT


6 rows selected.


SYS@ORCL>select file#,ts#,name from v$datafile;


FILE# TS#
---------- ----------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 0
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf


2 1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf


3 2
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf




FILE# TS#
---------- ----------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 4
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf


5 6
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf




SYS@ORCL>col name for a50
SYS@ORCL>l
1* select file#,ts#,name from v$datafile
SYS@ORCL>/


FILE# TS# NAME
---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
1 0 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
2 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
3 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
4 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
5 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf

开始创建测试表空间 tyger 存储位置 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/tyger01.dbf' 大小为 5M。

SYS@ORCL>create tablespace tyger datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/tyger01.dbf' size 5M;


Tablespace created.


SYS@ORCL>select tablespace_name,file_name,status from dba_data_files;


TABLESPACE FILE_NAME STATUS
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------
USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf AVAILABLE
SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf AVAILABLE
UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf AVAILABLE
SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf AVAILABLE
EXAMPLE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf AVAILABLE
TYGER /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/tyger01.dbf AVAILABLE


6 rows selected.


SYS@ORCL>!
[oracle@tyger ~]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/ORCL/
[oracle@tyger ORCL]$ ll
total 1068456
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7061504 Mar 1 16:06 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7061504 Mar 1 16:06 control02.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7061504 Mar 1 16:06 control03.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 Mar 1 15:47 example01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Mar 1 15:47 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Mar 1 16:06 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Mar 1 15:47 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 251666432 Mar 1 16:05 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 503324672 Mar 1 16:05 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 20979712 Mar 1 08:42 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Mar 1 16:03 tyger01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 26222592 Mar 1 16:05 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Mar 1 15:47 users01.dbf

[oracle@tyger ORCL]$ rm tyger01.dbf ----------干掉 tyger01.dbf
[oracle@tyger ORCL]$ ll
total 1063316
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7061504 Mar 1 16:08 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7061504 Mar 1 16:08 control02.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7061504 Mar 1 16:08 control03.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 Mar 1 15:47 example01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Mar 1 15:47 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Mar 1 16:08 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Mar 1 15:47 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 251666432 Mar 1 16:05 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 503324672 Mar 1 16:05 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 20979712 Mar 1 08:42 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 26222592 Mar 1 16:08 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Mar 1 15:47 users01.dbf
[oracle@tyger ORCL]$ exit

SYS@ORCL>select tablespace_name,file_name,status from dba_data_files;


TABLESPACE FILE_NAME STATUS
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------
USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf AVAILABLE
SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf AVAILABLE
UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf AVAILABLE
SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf AVAILABLE
EXAMPLE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf AVAILABLE
TYGER /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/tyger01.dbf AVAILABLE ------- 数据库中还存在是因为没有识别到文件丢失


6 rows selected.

SYS@ORCL>shutdown immediate
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel 这个错误也有很多原因，这里不做讨论




SYS@ORCL>exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@tyger ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 1 16:11:27 2014


Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.


Connected to an idle instance. --------很显然已经连接到了空闲实例


SYS@ORCL>startup
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 125830736 bytes
Database Buffers 155189248 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/tyger01.dbf' ---------good ! 问题出现了。




解决办法：

如果表空间中还有其他数据文件能正常使用，这时我们就将损坏的数据文件脱机

SYS@ORCL>alter database datafile 6 offline drop;


Database altered.

将损坏的数据文件脱机后，就不会在影响数据库的打开了，现在打开数据库
SYS@ORCL>alter database open;


Database altered.


SYS@ORCL>select ts#,file#,name from v$datafile;


TS# FILE# NAME
---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
0 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
1 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
2 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
4 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
6 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf
8 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/tyger01.dbf


6 rows selected.


SYS@ORCL>select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;


TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ---------
SYSTEM ONLINE
UNDOTBS1 ONLINE
SYSAUX ONLINE
TEMP ONLINE
USERS ONLINE
EXAMPLE ONLINE
TYGER ONLINE


7 rows selected.


SYS@ORCL>drop tablespace tyger including contents and datafiles;


Tablespace dropped.


SYS@ORCL>shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@ORCL>startup
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 130025040 bytes
Database Buffers 150994944 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.