android 实现触摸屏按键

1.硬件分析

我所使用的触摸屏分辨率是1158*768，可视区域大小是1024*768（这也是LCD屏的大小），在触摸屏两侧总有5个按键。

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2.触摸屏按键驱动的修改

既然可视区域在触摸屏中间部位，因此需要在触摸屏驱动中修改input_set_abs_params()函数中的参数

1. input_set_abs_params(input_dev, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, 61, 1085, 0, 0);
   
2. input_set_abs_params(input_dev, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, 0, SCREEN_MAX_Y, 0, 0);

其中61是可视区域左侧x轴左边坐标，1085是右侧的。

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3.Android框架层

Android上层通过读取触摸屏坐标并经过转算后来识别定义好的虚拟按键，代码位于frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/KeyInputQueue.java中：

static class Virtualkey{}是负责按键定位的方法；

private void readVirtualKeys(String deviceName)负责读取sys文件，这是最重要的代码，也是与底层sys文件系统沟通的桥梁，它会读取/sys/board_properties/virtualkeys.{deviceName}文件，deviceName一定要与触摸屏设备名称一致，不然会找不到指定的sys文件。

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4.sys文件系统

前面讲到了readVirtualKeys会读取sys文件，这个sys文件就是定义虚拟按键的坐标以及键值，它的协议格式是一段字符串，每个按键有六项分别用冒号分割，按键按键之间也是用冒号分割，标准格式是：

键类型:键值:按键区域中心x坐标:按键区域中心y坐标:按键区域宽:按键区域高

创建sys文件的代码：

1. #ifdef VIRTUAL_KEYS
   
2. static ssize_t virtual_keys_show(struct kobject *kobj,
   
3. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000ff">struct</span> kobj_attribute <span style="color:#0000cc"> *</span>attr<span style="color:#0000cc">,</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">char</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">*</span>buf<span style="color:#0000cc">)</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
4. {
   
5. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000ff">if</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">(</span>1<span style="color:#0000cc">)</span> <span style="color:#0000cc"> {</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
6. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
7. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000ff">return</span> <span style="color:#ff0000">sprintf</span><span style="color:#0000cc">(</span>buf<span style="color:#0000cc">,</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
8. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> __stringify<span style="color:#0000cc">(</span>EV_KEY<span style="color:#0000cc">)</span> <span style="color:#ff00ff">":"</span> __stringify<span style="color:#0000cc">(</span>KEY_VOLUMEUP<span style="color:#0000cc">)</span> <span style="color:#ff00ff">":1030:370:30:30"</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
9. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#ff00ff">":"</span> __stringify<span style="color:#0000cc">(</span>EV_KEY<span style="color:#0000cc">)</span> <span style="color:#ff00ff">":"</span> __stringify<span style="color:#0000cc">(</span>KEY_VOLUMEDOWN<span style="color:#0000cc">)</span> <span style="color:#ff00ff">":1030:470:30:30"</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
10. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#ff00ff">":"</span> __stringify<span style="color:#0000cc">(</span>EV_KEY<span style="color:#0000cc">)</span> <span style="color:#ff00ff">":"</span> __stringify<span style="color:#0000cc">(</span>KEY_BACK<span style="color:#0000cc">)</span> <span style="color:#ff00ff">":1030:18:30:30"</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
11. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#ff00ff">":"</span> __stringify<span style="color:#0000cc">(</span>EV_KEY<span style="color:#0000cc">)</span> <span style="color:#ff00ff">":"</span> __stringify<span style="color:#0000cc">(</span>KEY_HOME<span style="color:#0000cc">)</span> <span style="color:#ff00ff">":1030:136:30:30"</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
12. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#ff00ff">":"</span> __stringify<span style="color:#0000cc">(</span>EV_KEY<span style="color:#0000cc">)</span> <span style="color:#ff00ff">":"</span> __stringify<span style="color:#0000cc">(</span>KEY_MENU<span style="color:#0000cc">)</span> <span style="color:#ff00ff">":1030:236:30:30"</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
13. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#ff00ff">"\n"</span><span style="color:#0000cc">)</span><span style="color:#0000cc">;</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
14. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000cc">}</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">else</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">{</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
15. 
    
16. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000cc">}</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
17. }
    
18. 
    
19. static struct kobj_attribute virtual_keys_attr = {
    
20. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000cc">.</span>attr <span style="color:#0000cc">=</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">{</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
21. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000cc">.</span>name <span style="color:#0000cc">=</span> <span style="color:#ff00ff">"virtualkeys.xxxx"</span><span style="color:#0000cc">,</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
22. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000cc">.</span>mode <span style="color:#0000cc">=</span> S_IRUGO<span style="color:#0000cc">,</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
23. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000cc">}</span><span style="color:#0000cc">,</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
24. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000cc">.</span>show <span style="color:#0000cc">=</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">&amp;</span>virtual_keys_show<span style="color:#0000cc">,</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
25. };
    
26. 
    
27. static struct attribute *properties_attrs[] = {
    
28. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000cc">&amp;</span>virtual_keys_attr<span style="color:#0000cc">.</span>attr<span style="color:#0000cc">,</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
29. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#ff0000">NULL</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
30. };
    
31. 
    
32. static struct attribute_group properties_attr_group = {
    
33. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000cc">.</span>attrs <span style="color:#0000cc">=</span> properties_attrs<span style="color:#0000cc">,</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
34. };
    
35. 
    
36. static void virtual_keys_init(void)
    
37. {
    
38. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000ff">int</span> ret<span style="color:#0000cc">;</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
39. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000ff">struct</span> kobject <span style="color:#0000cc">*</span>properties_kobj<span style="color:#0000cc">;</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
40. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
41. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>properties_kobj <span style="color:#0000cc"> =</span> kobject_create_and_add<span style="color:#0000cc">(</span><span style="color:#ff00ff">"board_properties"</span><span style="color:#0000cc">,</span> <span style="color:#ff0000">NULL</span><span style="color:#0000cc">)</span><span style="color:#0000cc">;</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
42. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000ff">if</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">(</span>properties_kobj<span style="color:#0000cc">)</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
43. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>ret <span style="color:#0000cc">=</span> sysfs_create_group<span style="color:#0000cc">(</span>properties_kobj<span style="color:#0000cc">,</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
44. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000cc">&amp;</span>properties_attr_group<span style="color:#0000cc">)</span><span style="color:#0000cc">;</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
45. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><span style="color:#0000ff">if</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">(</span><span style="color:#0000cc">!</span>properties_kobj <span style="color:#0000cc">|</span><span style="color:#0000cc">|</span> ret<span style="color:#0000cc">)</span><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
46. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>pr_err<span style="color:#0000cc">(</span><span style="color:#ff00ff">"failed to create board_properties\n"</span><span style="color:#0000cc">)</span><span style="color:#0000cc">;</span><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
47. }
    
48. 
    
49. #endif

其中.name = "virtualkeys.xxxx"的xxxx就是触摸屏设备名称，也就是前面说到的{deviceName}，virtual_keys_init()函数可以在触摸屏probe函数中调用。另外，我将可视区域左侧的两侧按键移到了右侧实现，因此五个按键区域中心x坐标都是一样，这部分要在触摸屏驱动增加x轴坐标调整，这部分我就不再说明。

以上步骤完成后可以使用 cat /sys/board_properties/virtualkeys.{deviceName}查看虚拟按键的配置文件，并试试按下触摸屏上按键是否有反应，如果坐标不正确还要进行耐心地校准。