String

最新推荐文章于 2019-11-22 08:28:08 发布

iteye_4537

最新推荐文章于 2019-11-22 08:28:08 发布

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文章标签： java

Method

java.lang

Class String

java.lang.Object
- java.lang.String

All Implemented Interfaces:
Serializable, CharSequence, Comparable< String>
```
public final classStringextendsObjectimplementsSerializable,Comparable<String>,CharSequence
```
The Stringclass represents(代表) character strings. All string literals(字面值) in Java programs, such as(比如) "abc", are implemented(实现) as instances(实例) of this class.
Strings areconstant(常量); their values cannot be changed after they are created. String bufferssupport(支持)mutable strings(可变字符串). Because String objects are immutable(不可变的) they can beshared(共享). For example:
```
String str = "abc";
```
is equivalent to(相当于):
```
char data[] = {'a', 'b', 'c'}; String str = new String(data);
```
Here are some more examples of how strings can be used:
```
System.out.println("abc"); String cde = "cde"; System.out.println("abc" + cde); String c = "abc".substring(2,3); String d = cde.substring(1, 2);
```
The classStringincludes methods forexamining(检查)individual characters(单个字符串) of thesequence(序列), forcomparing(比较) strings, forsearchin(搜索) strings, forextracting(提取)substrings(子字符串), and for creating a copy of a string with all characters translated to uppercase or to lowercase.Casemapping(大小写映射) is based on the Unicode Standard version specified by theCharacterclass.

The Java language provides special support for the stringconcatenation（串联）operator(操作符) ( + ), and for conversion of other objects to strings. String concatenation is implementedthrough(通过) theStringBuilder(orStringBuffer) class and itsappendmethod. String conversions are implemented through the methodtoString, defined byObjectandinherited(继承) by all classes in Java. For additional(额外的) information on string concatenation and conversion, see Gosling, Joy, and Steele,The Java Language Specification.

Unless otherwise noted（除非另外说明）,passing(传入) anullargument to a constructor(构造) or method in this class will cause aNullPointerExceptionto be thrown.

AStringrepresents a string in the UTF-16 format in whichsupplementary charactersare represented bysurrogate pairs(see the sectionUnicode Character Representationsin theCharacterclass for more information). Index valuesrefer(指) tocharcode units, so asupplementary character(补充的字符) uses twopositions(位置) in aString.

TheStringclass provides methods fordealing with(处理) Unicode code points (i.e., characters),in addition(除...之外) to those for dealing with Unicode code units (i.e.,charvalues).
Since:
JDK1.0
See Also:
Object.toString(), StringBuffer, StringBuilder, Charset, Serialized Form

Field Summary

Fields
Modifier and Type	Field and Description
`staticComparator<String>`	`CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER` A Comparator that orders `String`objects as by `compareToIgnoreCase`.

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor and Description
`String()` Initializes a newly created `String`object so that it represents an empty character sequence.
`String(byte[] bytes)` Constructs a new `String`by decoding the specified array of bytes using the platform's default charset.
`String(byte[] bytes,Charsetcharset)` Constructs a new `String`by decoding the specified array of bytes using the specified charset.
`String(byte[] ascii, int hibyte)` Deprecated. This method does not properly convert bytes into characters. As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to do this is via the`String`constructors that take a`Charset`, charset name, or that use the platform's default charset.
`String(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length)` Constructs a new `String`by decoding the specified subarray of bytes using the platform's default charset.
`String(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length,Charsetcharset)` Constructs a new `String`by decoding the specified subarray of bytes using the specified charset.
`String(byte[] ascii, int hibyte, int offset, int count)` Deprecated. This method does not properly convert bytes into characters. As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to do this is via the`String`constructors that take a`Charset`, charset name, or that use the platform's default charset.
`String(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length,StringcharsetName)` Constructs a new `String`by decoding the specified subarray of bytes using the specified charset.
`String(byte[] bytes,StringcharsetName)` Constructs a new `String`by decoding the specified array of bytes using the specified charset.
`String(char[] value)` Allocates a new `String`so that it represents the sequence of characters currently contained in the character array argument.
`String(char[] value, int offset, int count)` Allocates a new `String`that contains characters from a subarray of the character array argument.
`String(int[] codePoints, int offset, int count)` Allocates a new `String`that contains characters from a subarray of the Unicode code pointarray argument.
`String(Stringoriginal)` Initializes a newly created `String`object so that it represents the same sequence of characters as the argument; in other words, the newly created string is a copy of the argument string.
`String(StringBufferbuffer)` Allocates a new string that contains the sequence of characters currently contained in the string buffer argument.
`String(StringBuilderbuilder)` Allocates a new string that contains the sequence of characters currently contained in the string builder argument.

Method Summary

Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`char`	`charAt(int index)` Returns the `char`value at the specified index.
`int`	`codePointAt(int index)` Returns the character (Unicode code point) at the specified index.
`int`	`codePointBefore(int index)` Returns the character (Unicode code point) before the specified index.
`int`	`codePointCount(int beginIndex, int endIndex)` Returns the number of Unicode code points in the specified text range of this `String`.
`int`	`compareTo(StringanotherString)` Compares two strings lexicographically.
`int`	`compareToIgnoreCase(Stringstr)` Compares two strings lexicographically, ignoring case differences.
`String`	`concat(Stringstr)` Concatenates the specified string to the end of this string.
`boolean`	`contains(CharSequences)` Returns true if and only if this string contains the specified sequence of char values.
`boolean`	`contentEquals(CharSequencecs)` Compares this string to the specified `CharSequence`.
`boolean`	`contentEquals(StringBuffersb)` Compares this string to the specified `StringBuffer`.
`staticString`	`copyValueOf(char[] data)` Returns a String that represents the character sequence in the array specified.
`staticString`	`copyValueOf(char[] data, int offset, int count)` Returns a String that represents the character sequence in the array specified.
`boolean`	`endsWith(Stringsuffix)` Tests if this string ends with the specified suffix.
`boolean`	`equals(ObjectanObject)` Compares this string to the specified object.
`boolean`	`equalsIgnoreCase(StringanotherString)` Compares this `String`to another `String`, ignoring case considerations.
`staticString`	`format(Localel,Stringformat,Object... args)` Returns a formatted string using the specified locale, format string, and arguments.
`staticString`	`format(Stringformat,Object... args)` Returns a formatted string using the specified format string and arguments.
`byte[]`	`getBytes()` Encodes this `String`into a sequence of bytes using the platform's default charset, storing the result into a new byte array.
`byte[]`	`getBytes(Charsetcharset)` Encodes this `String`into a sequence of bytes using the given charset, storing the result into a new byte array.
`void`	`getBytes(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, byte[] dst, int dstBegin)` Deprecated. This method does not properly convert characters into bytes. As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to do this is via the`getBytes()`method, which uses the platform's default charset.
`byte[]`	`getBytes(StringcharsetName)` Encodes this `String`into a sequence of bytes using the named charset, storing the result into a new byte array.
`void`	`getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin)` Copies characters from this string into the destination character array.
`int`	`hashCode()` Returns a hash code for this string.
`int`	`indexOf(int ch)` Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified character.
`int`	`indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex)` Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified character, starting the search at the specified index.
`int`	`indexOf(Stringstr)` Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring.
`int`	`indexOf(Stringstr, int fromIndex)` Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index.
`String`	`intern()` Returns a canonical representation for the string object.
`boolean`	`isEmpty()` Returns `true`if, and only if, `length()`is `0`.
`int`	`lastIndexOf(int ch)` Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified character.
`int`	`lastIndexOf(int ch, int fromIndex)` Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified character, searching backward starting at the specified index.
`int`	`lastIndexOf(Stringstr)` Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring.
`int`	`lastIndexOf(Stringstr, int fromIndex)` Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring, searching backward starting at the specified index.
`int`	`length()` Returns the length of this string.
`boolean`	`matches(Stringregex)` Tells whether or not this string matches the given regular expression.
`int`	`offsetByCodePoints(int index, int codePointOffset)` Returns the index within this `String`that is offset from the given `index`by `codePointOffset`code points.
`boolean`	`regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int toffset,Stringother, int ooffset, int len)` Tests if two string regions are equal.
`boolean`	`regionMatches(int toffset,Stringother, int ooffset, int len)` Tests if two string regions are equal.
`String`	`replace(char oldChar, char newChar)` Returns a new string resulting from replacing all occurrences of `oldChar`in this string with `newChar`.
`String`	`replace(CharSequencetarget,CharSequencereplacement)` Replaces each substring of this string that matches the literal target sequence with the specified literal replacement sequence.
`String`	`replaceAll(Stringregex,Stringreplacement)` Replaces each substring of this string that matches the given regular expressionwith the given replacement.
`String`	`replaceFirst(Stringregex,Stringreplacement)` Replaces the first substring of this string that matches the given regular expressionwith the given replacement.
`String[]`	`split(Stringregex)` Splits this string around matches of the given regular expression.
`String[]`	`split(Stringregex, int limit)` Splits this string around matches of the given regular expression.
`boolean`	`startsWith(Stringprefix)` Tests if this string starts with the specified prefix.
`boolean`	`startsWith(Stringprefix, int toffset)` Tests if the substring of this string beginning at the specified index starts with the specified prefix.
`CharSequence`	`subSequence(int beginIndex, int endIndex)` Returns a new character sequence that is a subsequence of this sequence.
`String`	`substring(int beginIndex)` Returns a new string that is a substring of this string.
`String`	`substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex)` Returns a new string that is a substring of this string.
`char[]`	`toCharArray()` Converts this string to a new character array.
`String`	`toLowerCase()` Converts all of the characters in this `String`to lower case using the rules of the default locale.
`String`	`toLowerCase(Localelocale)` Converts all of the characters in this `String`to lower case using the rules of the given `Locale`.
`String`	`toString()` This object (which is already a string!) is itself returned.
`String`	`toUpperCase()` Converts all of the characters in this `String`to upper case using the rules of the default locale.
`String`	`toUpperCase(Localelocale)` Converts all of the characters in this `String`to upper case using the rules of the given `Locale`.
`String`	`trim()` Returns a copy of the string, with leading and trailing whitespace omitted.
`staticString`	`valueOf(boolean b)` Returns the string representation of the `boolean`argument.
`staticString`	`valueOf(char c)` Returns the string representation of the `char`argument.
`staticString`	`valueOf(char[] data)` Returns the string representation of the `char`array argument.
`staticString`	`valueOf(char[] data, int offset, int count)` Returns the string representation of a specific subarray of the `char`array argument.
`staticString`	`valueOf(double d)` Returns the string representation of the `double`argument.
`staticString`	`valueOf(float f)` Returns the string representation of the `float`argument.
`staticString`	`valueOf(int i)` Returns the string representation of the `int`argument.
`staticString`	`valueOf(long l)` Returns the string representation of the `long`argument.
`staticString`	`valueOf(Objectobj)` Returns the string representation of the `Object`argument.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone,finalize,getClass,notify,notifyAll,wait,wait,wait

Field Detail
- CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER
```
public static finalComparator<String> CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER
```
  A Comparator that orders Stringobjects as by compareToIgnoreCase. This comparator is serializable.
  Note that this Comparator doesnottake locale into account, and will result in an unsatisfactory ordering for certain locales. The java.text package providesCollatorsto allow locale-sensitive ordering.
  
  Since:
  1.2
  See Also:
  Collator.compare(String, String)

Constructor Detail
- String
```
public String()
```
  Initializes a newly created Stringobject so that it represents an empty character sequence. Note that use of this constructor is unnecessary since Strings are immutable.
- String
```
public String(Stringoriginal)
```
  Initializes a newly created Stringobject so that it represents the same sequence of characters as the argument; in other words, the newly created string is a copy of the argument string. Unless an explicit copy of originalis needed, use of this constructor is unnecessary since Strings are immutable.
  
  Parameters:
  original- A String
- String
```
public String(char[] value)
```
  Allocates a new Stringso that it represents the sequence of characters currently contained in the character array argument. The contents of the character array are copied; subsequent modification of the character array does not affect the newly created string.
  
  Parameters:
  value- The initial value of the string
- String
```
public String(char[] value, int offset, int count)
```
  Allocates a new Stringthat contains characters from a subarray of the character array argument. The offsetargument is the index of the first character of the subarray and the countargument specifies the length of the subarray. The contents of the subarray are copied; subsequent modification of the character array does not affect the newly created string.
  
  Parameters:
  value- Array that is the source of characters
  
  offset- The initial offset
  
  count- The length
  Throws:
  IndexOutOfBoundsException- If the offsetand countarguments index characters outside the bounds of the valuearray
- String
```
public String(int[] codePoints, int offset, int count)
```
  Allocates a new Stringthat contains characters from a subarray of the Unicode code pointarray argument. The offsetargument is the index of the first code point of the subarray and the countargument specifies the length of the subarray. The contents of the subarray are converted to chars; subsequent modification of the intarray does not affect the newly created string.
  
  Parameters:
  codePoints- Array that is the source of Unicode code points
  
  offset- The initial offset
  
  count- The length
  Throws:
  IllegalArgumentException- If any invalid Unicode code point is found in codePoints
  
  IndexOutOfBoundsException- If the offsetand countarguments index characters outside the bounds of the codePointsarray
  Since:
  1.5
- String
```
@Deprecatedpublic String(byte[] ascii, int hibyte, int offset, int count)
```
  Deprecated. This method does not properly convert bytes into characters. As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to do this is via theStringconstructors that take aCharset, charset name, or that use the platform's default charset.
  
  Allocates a new Stringconstructed from a subarray of an array of 8-bit integer values.
  Theoffsetargument is the index of the first byte of the subarray, and thecountargument specifies the length of the subarray.
  
  Eachbytein the subarray is converted to acharas specified in the method above.
  
  Parameters:
  ascii- The bytes to be converted to characters
  
  hibyte- The top 8 bits of each 16-bit Unicode code unit
  
  offset- The initial offset
  
  count- The length
  Throws:
  IndexOutOfBoundsException- If the offsetor countargument is invalid
  See Also:
  String(byte[], int), String(byte[], int, int, java.lang.String), String(byte[], int, int, java.nio.charset.Charset), String(byte[], int, int), String(byte[], java.lang.String), String(byte[], java.nio.charset.Charset), String(byte[])
- String
```
@Deprecatedpublic String(byte[] ascii, int hibyte)
```
  Deprecated. This method does not properly convert bytes into characters. As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to do this is via theStringconstructors that take aCharset, charset name, or that use the platform's default charset.
  Allocates a new Stringcontaining characters constructed from an array of 8-bit integer values. Each character cin the resulting string is constructed from the corresponding component bin the byte array such that:
```
c== (char)(((hibyte & 0xff) << 8) | (b& 0xff))
```
  Parameters:
  ascii- The bytes to be converted to characters
  
  hibyte- The top 8 bits of each 16-bit Unicode code unit
  See Also:
  String(byte[], int, int, java.lang.String), String(byte[], int, int, java.nio.charset.Charset), String(byte[], int, int), String(byte[], java.lang.String), String(byte[], java.nio.charset.Charset), String(byte[])
- String
```
public String(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length,StringcharsetName) throwsUnsupportedEncodingException
```
  Constructs a new Stringby decoding the specified subarray of bytes using the specified charset. The length of the new Stringis a function of the charset, and hence may not be equal to the length of the subarray.
  The behavior of this constructor when the given bytes are not valid in the given charset is unspecified. TheCharsetDecoderclass should be used when more control over the decoding process is required.
  
  Parameters:
  bytes- The bytes to be decoded into characters
  
  offset- The index of the first byte to decode
  
  length- The number of bytes to decode
  
  charsetName- The name of a supported charset
  Throws:
  UnsupportedEncodingException- If the named charset is not supported
  
  IndexOutOfBoundsException- If the offsetand lengtharguments index characters outside the bounds of the bytesarray
  Since:
  JDK1.1
- String
```
public String(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length,Charsetcharset)
```
  Constructs a new Stringby decoding the specified subarray of bytes using the specified charset. The length of the new Stringis a function of the charset, and hence may not be equal to the length of the subarray.
  This method always replaces malformed-input and unmappable-character sequences with this charset's default replacement string. TheCharsetDecoderclass should be used when more control over the decoding process is required.
  
  Parameters:
  bytes- The bytes to be decoded into characters
  
  offset- The index of the first byte to decode
  
  length- The number of bytes to decode
  
  charset- The charsetto be used to decode the bytes
  Throws:
  IndexOutOfBoundsException- If the offsetand lengtharguments index characters outside the bounds of the bytesarray
  Since:
  1.6
- String
```
public String(byte[] bytes,StringcharsetName) throwsUnsupportedEncodingException
```
  Constructs a new Stringby decoding the specified array of bytes using the specified charset. The length of the new Stringis a function of the charset, and hence may not be equal to the length of the byte array.
  The behavior of this constructor when the given bytes are not valid in the given charset is unspecified. TheCharsetDecoderclass should be used when more control over the decoding process is required.
  
  Parameters:
  bytes- The bytes to be decoded into characters
  
  charsetName- The name of a supported charset
  Throws:
  UnsupportedEncodingException- If the named charset is not supported
  Since:
  JDK1.1
- String
```
public String(byte[] bytes,Charsetcharset)
```
  Constructs a new Stringby decoding the specified array of bytes using the specified charset. The length of the new Stringis a function of the charset, and hence may not be equal to the length of the byte array.
  This method always replaces malformed-input and unmappable-character sequences with this charset's default replacement string. TheCharsetDecoderclass should be used when more control over the decoding process is required.
  
  Parameters:
  bytes- The bytes to be decoded into characters
  
  charset- The charsetto be used to decode the bytes
  Since:
  1.6
- String
```
public String(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length)
```
  Constructs a new Stringby decoding the specified subarray of bytes using the platform's default charset. The length of the new Stringis a function of the charset, and hence may not be equal to the length of the subarray.
  The behavior of this constructor when the given bytes are not valid in the default charset is unspecified. TheCharsetDecoderclass should be used when more control over the decoding process is required.
  
  Parameters:
  bytes- The bytes to be decoded into characters
  
  offset- The index of the first byte to decode
  
  length- The number of bytes to decode
  Throws:
  IndexOutOfBoundsException- If the offsetand the lengtharguments index characters outside the bounds of the bytesarray
  Since:
  JDK1.1
- String
```
public String(byte[] bytes)
```
  Constructs a new Stringby decoding the specified array of bytes using the platform's default charset. The length of the new Stringis a function of the charset, and hence may not be equal to the length of the byte array.
  The behavior of this constructor when the given bytes are not valid in the default charset is unspecified. TheCharsetDecoderclass should be used when more control over the decoding process is required.
  
  Parameters:
  bytes- The bytes to be decoded into characters
  Since:
  JDK1.1
- String
```
public String(StringBufferbuffer)
```
  Allocates a new string that contains the sequence of characters currently contained in the string buffer argument. The contents of the string buffer are copied; subsequent modification of the string buffer does not affect the newly created string.
  
  Parameters:
  buffer- A StringBuffer
- String
```
public String(StringBuilderbuilder)
```
  Allocates a new string that contains the sequence of characters currently contained in the string builder argument. The contents of the string builder are copied; subsequent modification of the string builder does not affect the newly created string.
  This constructor is provided to ease migration toStringBuilder. Obtaining a string from a string builder via thetoStringmethod is likely to run faster and is generally preferred.
  
  Parameters:
  builder- A StringBuilder
  Since:
  1.5

Method Detail

length
```
public int length()
```
Returns the length of this string. The length is equal to the number of Unicode code unitsin the string.

Specified by:
lengthin interface CharSequence
Returns:
the length of the sequence of characters represented by this object.

isEmpty
```
public boolean isEmpty()
```
Returns trueif, and only if, length()is 0.

Returns:
trueif length()is 0, otherwise false
Since:
1.6

charAt
```
public char charAt(int index)
```
Returns the charvalue at the specified index. An index ranges from 0to length() - 1. The first charvalue of the sequence is at index 0, the next at index 1, and so on, as for array indexing.
If thecharvalue specified by the index is asurrogate, the surrogate value is returned.

Specified by:
charAtin interface CharSequence
Parameters:
index- the index of the charvalue.
Returns:
the charvalue at the specified index of this string. The first charvalue is at index 0.
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException- if the indexargument is negative or not less than the length of this string.

codePointAt
```
public int codePointAt(int index)
```
Returns the character (Unicode code point) at the specified index. The index refers to charvalues (Unicode code units) and ranges from 0to length() - 1.
If thecharvalue specified at the given index is in the high-surrogate range, the following index is less than the length of thisString, and thecharvalue at the following index is in the low-surrogate range, then the supplementary code point corresponding to this surrogate pair is returned. Otherwise, thecharvalue at the given index is returned.

Parameters:
index- the index to the charvalues
Returns:
the code point value of the character at the index
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException- if the indexargument is negative or not less than the length of this string.
Since:
1.5

codePointBefore
```
public int codePointBefore(int index)
```
Returns the character (Unicode code point) before the specified index. The index refers to charvalues (Unicode code units) and ranges from 1to length.
If thecharvalue at(index - 1)is in the low-surrogate range,(index - 2)is not negative, and thecharvalue at(index - 2)is in the high-surrogate range, then the supplementary code point value of the surrogate pair is returned. If thecharvalue atindex - 1is an unpaired low-surrogate or a high-surrogate, the surrogate value is returned.

Parameters:
index- the index following the code point that should be returned
Returns:
the Unicode code point value before the given index.
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException- if the indexargument is less than 1 or greater than the length of this string.
Since:
1.5

codePointCount
```
public int codePointCount(int beginIndex, int endIndex)
```
Returns the number of Unicode code points in the specified text range of this String. The text range begins at the specified beginIndexand extends to the charat index endIndex - 1. Thus the length (in chars) of the text range is endIndex-beginIndex. Unpaired surrogates within the text range count as one code point each.

Parameters:
beginIndex- the index to the first charof the text range.

endIndex- the index after the last charof the text range.
Returns:
the number of Unicode code points in the specified text range
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException- if the beginIndexis negative, or endIndexis larger than the length of this String, or beginIndexis larger than endIndex.
Since:
1.5

offsetByCodePoints
```
public int offsetByCodePoints(int index, int codePointOffset)
```
Returns the index within this Stringthat is offset from the given indexby codePointOffsetcode points. Unpaired surrogates within the text range given by indexand codePointOffsetcount as one code point each.

Parameters:
index- the index to be offset

codePointOffset- the offset in code points
Returns:
the index within this String
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException- if indexis negative or larger then the length of this String, or if codePointOffsetis positive and the substring starting with indexhas fewer than codePointOffsetcode points, or if codePointOffsetis negative and the substring before indexhas fewer than the absolute value of codePointOffsetcode points.
Since:
1.5

getChars
```
public void getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin)
```
Copies characters from this string into the destination character array.
The first character to be copied is at indexsrcBegin; the last character to be copied is at indexsrcEnd-1(thus the total number of characters to be copied issrcEnd-srcBegin). The characters are copied into the subarray ofdststarting at indexdstBeginand ending at index:
```
dstbegin + (srcEnd-srcBegin) - 1
```
Parameters:
srcBegin- index of the first character in the string to copy.

srcEnd- index after the last character in the string to copy.

dst- the destination array.

dstBegin- the start offset in the destination array.
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException- If any of the following is true:
- srcBeginis negative.
- srcBeginis greater thansrcEnd
- srcEndis greater than the length of this string
- dstBeginis negative
- dstBegin+(srcEnd-srcBegin)is larger thandst.length

getBytes
```
@Deprecatedpublic void getBytes(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, byte[] dst, int dstBegin)
```
Deprecated. This method does not properly convert characters into bytes. As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to do this is via thegetBytes()method, which uses the platform's default charset.
Copies characters from this string into the destination byte array. Each byte receives the 8 low-order bits of the corresponding character. The eight high-order bits of each character are not copied and do not participate in the transfer in any way.
The first character to be copied is at indexsrcBegin; the last character to be copied is at indexsrcEnd-1. The total number of characters to be copied issrcEnd-srcBegin. The characters, converted to bytes, are copied into the subarray ofdststarting at indexdstBeginand ending at index:
```
dstbegin + (srcEnd-srcBegin) - 1
```
Parameters:
srcBegin- Index of the first character in the string to copy

srcEnd- Index after the last character in the string to copy

dst- The destination array

dstBegin- The start offset in the destination array
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException- If any of the following is true:
- srcBeginis negative
- srcBeginis greater thansrcEnd
- srcEndis greater than the length of this String
- dstBeginis negative
- dstBegin+(srcEnd-srcBegin)is larger thandst.length

getBytes
```
public byte[] getBytes(StringcharsetName) throwsUnsupportedEncodingException
```
Encodes this Stringinto a sequence of bytes using the named charset, storing the result into a new byte array.
The behavior of this method when this string cannot be encoded in the given charset is unspecified. TheCharsetEncoderclass should be used when more control over the encoding process is required.

Parameters:
charsetName- The name of a supported charset
Returns:
The resultant byte array
Throws:
UnsupportedEncodingException- If the named charset is not supported
Since:
JDK1.1

getBytes
```
public byte[] getBytes(Charsetcharset)
```
Encodes this Stringinto a sequence of bytes using the given charset, storing the result into a new byte array.
This method always replaces malformed-input and unmappable-character sequences with this charset's default replacement byte array. TheCharsetEncoderclass should be used when more control over the encoding process is required.

Parameters:
charset- The Charsetto be used to encode the String
Returns:
The resultant byte array
Since:
1.6

getBytes
```
public byte[] getBytes()
```
Encodes this Stringinto a sequence of bytes using the platform's default charset, storing the result into a new byte array.
The behavior of this method when this string cannot be encoded in the default charset is unspecified. TheCharsetEncoderclass should be used when more control over the encoding process is required.

Returns:
The resultant byte array
Since:
JDK1.1

equals
```
public boolean equals(ObjectanObject)
```
Compares this string to the specified object. The result is trueif and only if the argument is not nulland is a Stringobject that represents the same sequence of characters as this object.

Overrides:
equalsin class Object
Parameters:
anObject- The object to compare this Stringagainst
Returns:
trueif the given object represents a Stringequivalent to this string, falseotherwise
See Also:
compareTo(String), equalsIgnoreCase(String)

contentEquals
```
public boolean contentEquals(StringBuffersb)
```
Compares this string to the specified StringBuffer. The result is trueif and only if this Stringrepresents the same sequence of characters as the specified StringBuffer.

Parameters:
sb- The StringBufferto compare this Stringagainst
Returns:
trueif this Stringrepresents the same sequence of characters as the specified StringBuffer, falseotherwise
Since:
1.4

contentEquals
```
public boolean contentEquals(CharSequencecs)
```
Compares this string to the specified CharSequence. The result is trueif and only if this Stringrepresents the same sequence of char values as the specified sequence.

Parameters:
cs- The sequence to compare this Stringagainst
Returns:
trueif this Stringrepresents the same sequence of char values as the specified sequence, falseotherwise
Since:
1.5

equalsIgnoreCase
```
public boolean equalsIgnoreCase(StringanotherString)
```
Compares this Stringto another String, ignoring case considerations. Two strings are considered equal ignoring case if they are of the same length and corresponding characters in the two strings are equal ignoring case.
Two charactersc1andc2are considered the same ignoring case if at least one of the following is true:
- The two characters are the same (as compared by the==operator)
- Applying the methodCharacter.toUpperCase(char)to each character produces the same result
- Applying the methodCharacter.toLowerCase(char)to each character produces the same result
Parameters:
anotherString- The Stringto compare this Stringagainst
Returns:
trueif the argument is not nulland it represents an equivalent Stringignoring case; falseotherwise
See Also:
equals(Object)

compareTo
```
public int compareTo(StringanotherString)
```
Compares two strings lexicographically. The comparison is based on the Unicode value of each character in the strings. The character sequence represented by this Stringobject is compared lexicographically to the character sequence represented by the argument string. The result is a negative integer if this Stringobject lexicographically precedes the argument string. The result is a positive integer if this Stringobject lexicographically follows the argument string. The result is zero if the strings are equal; compareToreturns 0exactly when the equals(Object)method would return true.
This is the definition of lexicographic ordering. If two strings are different, then either they have different characters at some index that is a valid index for both strings, or their lengths are different, or both. If they have different characters at one or more index positions, letkbe the smallest such index; then the string whose character at positionkhas the smaller value, as determined by using the < operator, lexicographically precedes the other string. In this case,compareToreturns the difference of the two character values at positionkin the two string -- that is, the value:
```
this.charAt(k)-anotherString.charAt(k)
```
If there is no index position at which they differ, then the shorter string lexicographically precedes the longer string. In this case, compareToreturns the difference of the lengths of the strings -- that is, the value:
```
this.length()-anotherString.length()
```
Specified by:
compareToin interface Comparable<String>
Parameters:
anotherString- the Stringto be compared.
Returns:
the value 0if the argument string is equal to this string; a value less than 0if this string is lexicographically less than the string argument; and a value greater than 0if this string is lexicographically greater than the string argument.

compareToIgnoreCase
```
public int compareToIgnoreCase(Stringstr)
```
Compares two strings lexicographically, ignoring case differences. This method returns an integer whose sign is that of calling compareTowith normalized versions of the strings where case differences have been eliminated by calling Character.toLowerCase(Character.toUpperCase(character))on each character.
Note that this method doesnottake locale into account, and will result in an unsatisfactory ordering for certain locales. The java.text package providescollatorsto allow locale-sensitive ordering.

Parameters:
str- the Stringto be compared.
Returns:
a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as the specified String is greater than, equal to, or less than this String, ignoring case considerations.
Since:
1.2
See Also:
Collator.compare(String, String)

regionMatches
```
public boolean regionMatches(int toffset,Stringother, int ooffset, int len)
```
Tests if two string regions are equal.
A substring of thisStringobject is compared to a substring of the argument other. The result is true if these substrings represent identical character sequences. The substring of thisStringobject to be compared begins at indextoffsetand has lengthlen. The substring of other to be compared begins at indexooffsetand has lengthlen. The result isfalseif and only if at least one of the following is true:
- toffsetis negative.
- ooffsetis negative.
- toffset+lenis greater than the length of thisStringobject.
- ooffset+lenis greater than the length of the other argument.
- There is some nonnegative integerkless thanlensuch that:this.charAt(toffset+k) != other.charAt(ooffset+k)
Parameters:
toffset- the starting offset of the subregion in this string.

other- the string argument.

ooffset- the starting offset of the subregion in the string argument.

len- the number of characters to compare.
Returns:
trueif the specified subregion of this string exactly matches the specified subregion of the string argument; falseotherwise.

regionMatches
```
public boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int toffset,Stringother, int ooffset, int len)
```
Tests if two string regions are equal.
A substring of thisStringobject is compared to a substring of the argumentother. The result istrueif these substrings represent character sequences that are the same, ignoring case if and only ifignoreCaseis true. The substring of thisStringobject to be compared begins at indextoffsetand has lengthlen. The substring ofotherto be compared begins at indexooffsetand has lengthlen. The result isfalseif and only if at least one of the following is true:
- toffsetis negative.
- ooffsetis negative.
- toffset+lenis greater than the length of thisStringobject.
- ooffset+lenis greater than the length of the other argument.
- ignoreCaseisfalseand there is some nonnegative integerkless thanlensuch that:
```
this.charAt(toffset+k) != other.charAt(ooffset+k)
```
- ignoreCaseistrueand there is some nonnegative integerkless thanlensuch that:
```
Character.toLowerCase(this.charAt(toffset+k)) != Character.toLowerCase(other.charAt(ooffset+k))
```
  and:
```
Character.toUpperCase(this.charAt(toffset+k)) != Character.toUpperCase(other.charAt(ooffset+k))
```
Parameters:
ignoreCase- if true, ignore case when comparing characters.

toffset- the starting offset of the subregion in this string.

other- the string argument.

ooffset- the starting offset of the subregion in the string argument.

len- the number of characters to compare.
Returns:
trueif the specified subregion of this string matches the specified subregion of the string argument; falseotherwise. Whether the matching is exact or case insensitive depends on the ignoreCaseargument.

startsWith
```
public boolean startsWith(Stringprefix, int toffset)
```
Tests if the substring of this string beginning at the specified index starts with the specified prefix.
Parameters:
prefix- the prefix.

toffset- where to begin looking in this string.
Returns:
trueif the character sequence represented by the argument is a prefix of the substring of this object starting at index toffset; falseotherwise. The result is falseif toffsetis negative or greater than the length of this Stringobject; otherwise the result is the same as the result of the expression
```
this.substring(toffset).startsWith(prefix)
```

startsWith
```
public boolean startsWith(Stringprefix)
```
Tests if this string starts with the specified prefix.

Parameters:
prefix- the prefix.
Returns:
trueif the character sequence represented by the argument is a prefix of the character sequence represented by this string; falseotherwise. Note also that truewill be returned if the argument is an empty string or is equal to this Stringobject as determined by the equals(Object)method.
Since:
1. 0

endsWith
```
public boolean endsWith(Stringsuffix)
```
Tests if this string ends with the specified suffix.

Parameters:
suffix- the suffix.
Returns:
trueif the character sequence represented by the argument is a suffix of the character sequence represented by this object; falseotherwise. Note that the result will be trueif the argument is the empty string or is equal to this Stringobject as determined by the equals(Object)method.

hashCode
```
public int hashCode()
```
Returns a hash code for this string. The hash code for a Stringobject is computed as
```
s[0]*31^(n-1) + s[1]*31^(n-2) + ... + s[n-1]
```
using intarithmetic, where s[i]is the ith character of the string, nis the length of the string, and ^indicates exponentiation. (The hash value of the empty string is zero.)
Overrides:
hashCodein class Object
Returns:
a hash code value for this object.
See Also:
Object.equals(java.lang.Object), System.identityHashCode(java.lang.Object)

indexOf
```
public int indexOf(int ch)
```
Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified character. If a character with value choccurs in the character sequence represented by this Stringobject, then the index (in Unicode code units) of the first such occurrence is returned. For values of chin the range from 0 to 0xFFFF (inclusive), this is the smallest value ksuch that:
```
this.charAt(k) == ch
```
is true. For other values of ch, it is the smallest value ksuch that:
```
this.codePointAt(k) == ch
```
is true. In either case, if no such character occurs in this string, then -1is returned.
Parameters:
ch- a character (Unicode code point).
Returns:
the index of the first occurrence of the character in the character sequence represented by this object, or -1if the character does not occur.

indexOf
```
public int indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex)
```
Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified character, starting the search at the specified index.
If a character with valuechoccurs in the character sequence represented by thisStringobject at an index no smaller thanfromIndex, then the index of the first such occurrence is returned. For values ofchin the range from 0 to 0xFFFF (inclusive), this is the smallest valueksuch that:
```
(this.charAt(k) == ch) && (k>= fromIndex)
```
is true. For other values of ch, it is the smallest value ksuch that:
```
(this.codePointAt(k) == ch) && (k>= fromIndex)
```
is true. In either case, if no such character occurs in this string at or after position fromIndex, then -1is returned.
There is no restriction on the value offromIndex. If it is negative, it has the same effect as if it were zero: this entire string may be searched. If it is greater than the length of this string, it has the same effect as if it were equal to the length of this string:-1is returned.

All indices are specified incharvalues (Unicode code units).
Parameters:
ch- a character (Unicode code point).

fromIndex- the index to start the search from.
Returns:
the index of the first occurrence of the character in the character sequence represented by this object that is greater than or equal to fromIndex, or -1if the character does not occur.

lastIndexOf
```
public int lastIndexOf(int ch)
```
Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified character. For values of chin the range from 0 to 0xFFFF (inclusive), the index (in Unicode code units) returned is the largest value ksuch that:
```
this.charAt(k) == ch
```
is true. For other values of ch, it is the largest value ksuch that:
```
this.codePointAt(k) == ch
```
is true. In either case, if no such character occurs in this string, then -1is returned. The Stringis searched backwards starting at the last character.
Parameters:
ch- a character (Unicode code point).
Returns:
the index of the last occurrence of the character in the character sequence represented by this object, or -1if the character does not occur.

lastIndexOf
```
public int lastIndexOf(int ch, int fromIndex)
```
Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified character, searching backward starting at the specified index. For values of chin the range from 0 to 0xFFFF (inclusive), the index returned is the largest value ksuch that:
```
(this.charAt(k) == ch) && (k<= fromIndex)
```
is true. For other values of ch, it is the largest value ksuch that:
```
(this.codePointAt(k) == ch) && (k<= fromIndex)
```
is true. In either case, if no such character occurs in this string at or before position fromIndex, then -1is returned.
All indices are specified incharvalues (Unicode code units).
Parameters:
ch- a character (Unicode code point).

fromIndex- the index to start the search from. There is no restriction on the value of fromIndex. If it is greater than or equal to the length of this string, it has the same effect as if it were equal to one less than the length of this string: this entire string may be searched. If it is negative, it has the same effect as if it were -1: -1 is returned.
Returns:
the index of the last occurrence of the character in the character sequence represented by this object that is less than or equal to fromIndex, or -1if the character does not occur before that point.

indexOf
```
public int indexOf(Stringstr)
```
Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring.
The returned index is the smallest valuekfor which:
```
this.startsWith(str,k)
```
If no such value of kexists, then -1is returned.
Parameters:
str- the substring to search for.
Returns:
the index of the first occurrence of the specified substring, or -1if there is no such occurrence.

indexOf
```
public int indexOf(Stringstr, int fromIndex)
```
Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index.
The returned index is the smallest valuekfor which:
```
k>= fromIndex && this.startsWith(str,k)
```
If no such value of kexists, then -1is returned.
Parameters:
str- the substring to search for.

fromIndex- the index from which to start the search.
Returns:
the index of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index, or -1if there is no such occurrence.

lastIndexOf
```
public int lastIndexOf(Stringstr)
```
Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring. The last occurrence of the empty string "" is considered to occur at the index value this.length().
The returned index is the largest valuekfor which:
```
this.startsWith(str,k)
```
If no such value of kexists, then -1is returned.
Parameters:
str- the substring to search for.
Returns:
the index of the last occurrence of the specified substring, or -1if there is no such occurrence.

lastIndexOf
```
public int lastIndexOf(Stringstr, int fromIndex)
```
Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring, searching backward starting at the specified index.
The returned index is the largest valuekfor which:
```
k<= fromIndex && this.startsWith(str,k)
```
If no such value of kexists, then -1is returned.
Parameters:
str- the substring to search for.

fromIndex- the index to start the search from.
Returns:
the index of the last occurrence of the specified substring, searching backward from the specified index, or -1if there is no such occurrence.

substring
```
publicStringsubstring(int beginIndex)
```
Returns a new string that is a substring of this string. The substring begins with the character at the specified index and extends to the end of this string.
Examples:
```
"unhappy".substring(2) returns "happy" "Harbison".substring(3) returns "bison" "emptiness".substring(9) returns "" (an empty string)
```
Parameters:
beginIndex- the beginning index, inclusive.
Returns:
the specified substring.
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException- if beginIndexis negative or larger than the length of this Stringobject.

substring
```
publicStringsubstring(int beginIndex, int endIndex)
```
Returns a new string that is a substring of this string. The substring begins at the specified beginIndexand extends to the character at index endIndex - 1. Thus the length of the substring is endIndex-beginIndex.
Examples:
```
"hamburger".substring(4, 8) returns "urge" "smiles".substring(1, 5) returns "mile"
```
Parameters:
beginIndex- the beginning index, inclusive.

endIndex- the ending index, exclusive.
Returns:
the specified substring.
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException- if the beginIndexis negative, or endIndexis larger than the length of this Stringobject, or beginIndexis larger than endIndex.

subSequence
```
publicCharSequencesubSequence(int beginIndex, int endIndex)
```
Returns a new character sequence that is a subsequence of this sequence.
An invocation of this method of the form
```
str.subSequence(begin, end)
```
behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
```
str.substring(begin, end)
```
This method is defined so that the Stringclass can implement the CharSequenceinterface.
Specified by:
subSequencein interface CharSequence
Parameters:
beginIndex- the begin index, inclusive.

endIndex- the end index, exclusive.
Returns:
the specified subsequence.
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException- if beginIndexor endIndexare negative, if endIndexis greater than length(), or if beginIndexis greater than startIndex
Since:
1.4

concat
```
publicStringconcat(Stringstr)
```
Concatenates the specified string to the end of this string.
If the length of the argument string is0, then thisStringobject is returned. Otherwise, a newStringobject is created, representing a character sequence that is the concatenation of the character sequence represented by thisStringobject and the character sequence represented by the argument string.

Examples:
```
"cares".concat("s") returns "caress" "to".concat("get").concat("her") returns "together"
```
Parameters:
str- the Stringthat is concatenated to the end of this String.
Returns:
a string that represents the concatenation of this object's characters followed by the string argument's characters.

replace
```
publicStringreplace(char oldChar, char newChar)
```
Returns a new string resulting from replacing all occurrences of oldCharin this string with newChar.
If the characteroldChardoes not occur in the character sequence represented by thisStringobject, then a reference to thisStringobject is returned. Otherwise, a newStringobject is created that represents a character sequence identical to the character sequence represented by thisStringobject, except that every occurrence ofoldCharis replaced by an occurrence ofnewChar.

Examples:
```
"mesquite in your cellar".replace('e', 'o') returns "mosquito in your collar" "the war of baronets".replace('r', 'y') returns "the way of bayonets" "sparring with a purple porpoise".replace('p', 't') returns "starring with a turtle tortoise" "JonL".replace('q', 'x') returns "JonL" (no change)
```
Parameters:
oldChar- the old character.

newChar- the new character.
Returns:
a string derived from this string by replacing every occurrence of oldCharwith newChar.

matches
```
public boolean matches(Stringregex)
```
Tells whether or not this string matches the given regular expression.
An invocation of this method of the formstr.matches(regex)yields exactly the same result as the expression

Pattern.matches( regex , str )

Parameters:
regex- the regular expression to which this string is to be matched
Returns:
trueif, and only if, this string matches the given regular expression
Throws:
PatternSyntaxException- if the regular expression's syntax is invalid
Since:
1.4
See Also:
Pattern

contains
```
public boolean contains(CharSequences)
```
Returns true if and only if this string contains the specified sequence of char values.

Parameters:
s- the sequence to search for
Returns:
true if this string contains s, false otherwise
Throws:
NullPointerException- if sis null
Since:
1.5

replaceFirst
```
publicStringreplaceFirst(Stringregex,Stringreplacement)
```
Replaces the first substring of this string that matches the given regular expressionwith the given replacement.
An invocation of this method of the formstr.replaceFirst(regex,repl)yields exactly the same result as the expression

Pattern.compile( regex ).matcher( str ).replaceFirst( repl )

Note that backslashes (\) and dollar signs ($) in the replacement string may cause the results to be different than if it were being treated as a literal replacement string; seeMatcher.replaceFirst(java.lang.String). UseMatcher.quoteReplacement(java.lang.String)to suppress the special meaning of these characters, if desired.

Parameters:
regex- the regular expression to which this string is to be matched

replacement- the string to be substituted for the first match
Returns:
The resulting String
Throws:
PatternSyntaxException- if the regular expression's syntax is invalid
Since:
1.4
See Also:
Pattern

replaceAll
```
publicStringreplaceAll(Stringregex,Stringreplacement)
```
Replaces each substring of this string that matches the given regular expressionwith the given replacement.
An invocation of this method of the formstr.replaceAll(regex,repl)yields exactly the same result as the expression

Pattern.compile( regex ).matcher( str ).replaceAll( repl )

Note that backslashes (\) and dollar signs ($) in the replacement string may cause the results to be different than if it were being treated as a literal replacement string; seeMatcher.replaceAll. UseMatcher.quoteReplacement(java.lang.String)to suppress the special meaning of these characters, if desired.

Parameters:
regex- the regular expression to which this string is to be matched

replacement- the string to be substituted for each match
Returns:
The resulting String
Throws:
PatternSyntaxException- if the regular expression's syntax is invalid
Since:
1.4
See Also:
Pattern

replace
```
publicStringreplace(CharSequencetarget,CharSequencereplacement)
```
Replaces each substring of this string that matches the literal target sequence with the specified literal replacement sequence. The replacement proceeds from the beginning of the string to the end, for example, replacing "aa" with "b" in the string "aaa" will result in "ba" rather than "ab".

Parameters:
target- The sequence of char values to be replaced

replacement- The replacement sequence of char values
Returns:
The resulting string
Throws:
NullPointerException- if targetor replacementis null.
Since:
1.5

split
```
publicString[] split(Stringregex, int limit)
```
Splits this string around matches of the given regular expression.
The array returned by this method contains each substring of this string that is terminated by another substring that matches the given expression or is terminated by the end of the string. The substrings in the array are in the order in which they occur in this string. If the expression does not match any part of the input then the resulting array has just one element, namely this string.

Thelimitparameter controls the number of times the pattern is applied and therefore affects the length of the resulting array. If the limitnis greater than zero then the pattern will be applied at mostn- 1 times, the array's length will be no greater thann, and the array's last entry will contain all input beyond the last matched delimiter. Ifnis non-positive then the pattern will be applied as many times as possible and the array can have any length. Ifnis zero then the pattern will be applied as many times as possible, the array can have any length, and trailing empty strings will be discarded.

The string"boo:and:foo", for example, yields the following results with these parameters:

Regex Limit Result
: 2 { "boo", "and:foo" }
: 5 { "boo", "and", "foo" }
: -2 { "boo", "and", "foo" }
o 5 { "b", "", ":and:f", "", "" }
o -2 { "b", "", ":and:f", "", "" }
o 0 { "b", "", ":and:f" }

An invocation of this method of the formstr.split(regex,n)yields the same result as the expression

Pattern. compile ( regex ). split ( str , n )

Parameters:
regex- the delimiting regular expression

limit- the result threshold, as described above
Returns:
the array of strings computed by splitting this string around matches of the given regular expression
Throws:
PatternSyntaxException- if the regular expression's syntax is invalid
Since:
1.4
See Also:
Pattern

Regex	Limit	Result
:	2	`{ "boo", "and:foo" }`
:	5	`{ "boo", "and", "foo" }`
:	-2	`{ "boo", "and", "foo" }`
o	5	`{ "b", "", ":and:f", "", "" }`
o	-2	`{ "b", "", ":and:f", "", "" }`
o	0	`{ "b", "", ":and:f" }`

split
```
publicString[] split(Stringregex)
```
Splits this string around matches of the given regular expression.
This method works as if by invoking the two-argumentsplitmethod with the given expression and a limit argument of zero. Trailing empty strings are therefore not included in the resulting array.

The string"boo:and:foo", for example, yields the following results with these expressions:

Regex Result
: { "boo", "and", "foo" }
o { "b", "", ":and:f" }

Parameters:
regex- the delimiting regular expression
Returns:
the array of strings computed by splitting this string around matches of the given regular expression
Throws:
PatternSyntaxException- if the regular expression's syntax is invalid
Since:
1.4
See Also:
Pattern

Regex	Result
:	`{ "boo", "and", "foo" }`
o	`{ "b", "", ":and:f" }`

toLowerCase

publicStringtoLowerCase(Localelocale)

Converts all of the characters in this Stringto lower case using the rules of the given Locale. Case mapping is based on the Unicode Standard version specified by the Characterclass. Since case mappings are not always 1:1 char mappings, the resulting Stringmay be a different length than the original String.

Examples of lowercase mappings are in the following table:

Language Code of Locale	Upper Case	Lower Case	Description
tr (Turkish)	\u0130	\u0069	capital letter I with dot above -> small letter i
tr (Turkish)	\u0049	\u0131	capital letter I -> small letter dotless i
(all)	French Fries	french fries	lowercased all chars in String
(all)			lowercased all chars in String

Parameters:

locale- use the case transformation rules for this locale

Returns:

the String, converted to lowercase.

Since:

1.1

toUpperCase

publicStringtoUpperCase(Localelocale)

Converts all of the characters in this Stringto upper case using the rules of the given Locale. Case mapping is based on the Unicode Standard version specified by the Characterclass. Since case mappings are not always 1:1 char mappings, the resulting Stringmay be a different length than the original String.

Examples of locale-sensitive and 1:M case mappings are in the following table.

Language Code of Locale	Lower Case	Upper Case	Description
tr (Turkish)	\u0069	\u0130	small letter i -> capital letter I with dot above
tr (Turkish)	\u0131	\u0049	small letter dotless i -> capital letter I
(all)	\u00df	\u0053 \u0053	small letter sharp s -> two letters: SS
(all)	Fahrvergnügen	FAHRVERGNÜGEN