带有头结点的简单链表实现

        #ifndef LinkedList_H
        #define LinkedList_H

        #include "dsexceptions.h"
        #include <iostream>    // For NULL

        // List class
        //
        // CONSTRUCTION: with no initializer
        // Access is via ListItr class
        //
        // ******************PUBLIC OPERATIONS*********************
        // boolean isEmpty( )     --> Return true if empty; else false
        // void makeEmpty( )      --> Remove all items
        // ListItr zeroth( )      --> Return position to prior to first
        // ListItr first( )       --> Return first position
        // void insert( x, p )    --> Insert x after current iterator position p
        // void remove( x )       --> Remove x
        // ListItr find( x )      --> Return position that views x
        // ListItr findPrevious( x )
        //                        --> Return position prior to x
        // ******************ERRORS********************************
        // No special errors

        template <class Object>
        class List;     // Incomplete declaration.

        template <class Object>
        class ListItr;     // Incomplete declaration.

        template <class Object>
        class ListNode
        {
            ListNode( const Object & theElement = Object( ), ListNode * n = NULL )
              : element( theElement ), next( n ) { }

            Object   element;
            ListNode *next;

            friend class List<Object>;
            friend class ListItr<Object>;
        };


        template <class Object>
        class List
        {
          public:
            List( );
            List( const List & rhs );
            ~List( );

            bool isEmpty( ) const;
            void makeEmpty( );
            ListItr<Object> zeroth( ) const;
            ListItr<Object> first( ) const;
            void insert( const Object & x, const ListItr<Object> & p );
            ListItr<Object> find( const Object & x ) const;
            ListItr<Object> findPrevious( const Object & x ) const;
            void remove( const Object & x );

            const List & operator=( const List & rhs );

          private:
            ListNode<Object> *header;
        };


        // ListItr class; maintains "current position"
        //
        // CONSTRUCTION: Package friendly only, with a ListNode
        //
        // ******************PUBLIC OPERATIONS*********************
        // bool isPastEnd( )      --> True if past end position in list
        // void advance( )        --> Advance (if not already null)
        // Object retrieve        --> Return item in current position

        template <class Object>
        class ListItr
        {
          public:
            ListItr( ) : current( NULL ) 
			{
			}
            bool isPastEnd( ) const
            { 
				  return current == NULL; 
			}
            void advance( )
            { 
				 if( !isPastEnd( ) ) current = current->next;
			}
            const Object & retrieve( ) const
            { 
				if( isPastEnd( ) ) throw BadIterator( );
                return current->element; 
			}

          private:
            ListNode<Object> *current;    // Current position

            ListItr( ListNode<Object> *theNode )
              : current( theNode ) { }

            friend class List<Object>; // Grant access to constructor
        };

        #include "LinkedList.cpp"
        #endif

实现文件：

        #include "LinkedList.h"

        /**
         * Construct the list
         */
        template <class Object>
        List<Object>::List( )
        {
            header = new ListNode<Object>;
        }

        /**
         * Copy constructor
         */
        template <class Object>
        List<Object>::List( const List<Object> & rhs )
        {
            header = new ListNode<Object>;
            *this = rhs;
        }

        /**
         * Destructor
         */
        template <class Object>
        List<Object>::~List( )
        {
            makeEmpty( );
            delete header;
        }

        /**
         * Test if the list is logically empty.
         * return true if empty, false otherwise.
         */
        template <class Object>
        bool List<Object>::isEmpty( ) const
        {
            return header->next == NULL;
        }

        /**
         * Make the list logically empty.
         */
        template <class Object>
        void List<Object>::makeEmpty( )
        {
            while( !isEmpty( ) )
                remove( first( ).retrieve( ) );
        }

        /**
         * Return an iterator representing the header node.
         */
        template <class Object>
        ListItr<Object> List<Object>::zeroth( ) const
        {
            return ListItr<Object>( header );
        }

        /**
         * Return an iterator representing the first node in the list.
         * This operation is valid for empty lists.
         */
        template <class Object>
        ListItr<Object> List<Object>::first( ) const
        {
            return ListItr<Object>( header->next );
        }

        /**
         * Insert item x after p.
         */
        template <class Object>
        void List<Object>::insert( const Object & x, const ListItr<Object> & p )
        {
            if( p.current != NULL )
                p.current->next = new ListNode<Object>( x, p.current->next );
        }

        /**
         * Return iterator corresponding to the first node containing an item x.
         * Iterator isPastEnd if item is not found.
         */
        template <class Object>
        ListItr<Object> List<Object>::find( const Object & x ) const
        {
/* 1*/      ListNode<Object> *itr = header->next;

/* 2*/      while( itr != NULL && itr->element != x )
/* 3*/          itr = itr->next;

/* 4*/      return ListItr<Object>( itr );
        }

        /**
         * Return iterator prior to the first node containing an item x.
         */
        template <class Object>
        ListItr<Object> List<Object>::findPrevious( const Object & x ) const
        {
/* 1*/      ListNode<Object> *itr = header;

/* 2*/      while( itr->next != NULL && itr->next->element != x )
/* 3*/          itr = itr->next;

/* 4*/      return ListItr<Object>( itr );
        }

        /**
         * Remove the first occurrence of an item x.
         */
        template <class Object>
        void List<Object>::remove( const Object & x )
        {
            ListItr<Object> p = findPrevious( x );

            if( p.current->next != NULL )
            {
                ListNode<Object> *oldNode = p.current->next;
                p.current->next = p.current->next->next;  // Bypass deleted node
                delete oldNode;
            }
        }

        /**
         * Deep copy of linked lists.
         */
        template <class Object>
        const List<Object> & List<Object>::operator=( const List<Object> & rhs )
        {
            ListItr<Object> ritr = rhs.first( );
            ListItr<Object> itr = zeroth( );

            if( this != &rhs )
            {
                makeEmpty( );
                for( ; !ritr.isPastEnd( ); ritr.advance( ), itr.advance( ) )
                    insert( ritr.retrieve( ), itr );
            }
            return *this;
        }

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