xmln:tools的作用

It defines the XML namespace of the document. You should put it, otherwise tags like<RelativeLayout>could be not recognied by the parser.

Namespaces are a way for XML documents to include tags from various vendors. By usingxmlnsattribute you declare, that, by default, you're using XML elements defined here:http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android(note that this link is broken -this discussionexplains why).

You also declare additional namespace,tools, which is not your default namespace, thus when referencing elements or attributes defined there, you must addtoolsprefix, on example:

tools:context=".SomeActivity"