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9 Direct Memory Access
9 直接内存访问( DMA)
The processor uses Direct Memory Access (DMA) to transfer data within memory spaces or between a memory space and a peripheral. The processor can specify data transfer operations and return to normal processing while the fully integrated DMA controller carries out the data transfers independent of processor activity
处理器用 DMA方式在存储器之间或者存储器与外围设备之间传递数据。在完全集成的 DMA控制器独立于处理器活动传输数据的同时,处理器能够识别出数据传输操作然后返回到正常处理工作。
ADSP-BF561 has three independent DMA controllers, DMA1, DMA2 and IMDMA. The centralized DMA control configurations with variable sized data structure descriptors are capable of data transfers within memories or between memory and a peripheral. Each of DMA1 and DMA2 has twelve peripheral DMA channels and four memory DMA channels. IMDMA has four memory DMA channels.
ADSP-BF561 有三个独立的 DMA控制器, DMA1, DMA2 和 IMDMA。 中央 DMA控制结构能够在内存之间或者内存与外围设计之间传递数据并且它具有一个不定大小数据结构的描述符是。 DMA1 和 DMA2 各有十二个外围 DMA 通道,四个存储器 DMA通道。 IMDMA 有四个存储器 DMA通道。
Note: Peripherals connected to the DMA1 controller can support up to 32-bit data transfers, while those connected to DMA2 can support up to 16-bit transfers. For more information, refer to “Chip Bus Hierarchy”
注意:连接到 DMA1的外围设备能够支持 32位的数据传输,连接到 DMA2的外围设备支持 16位。想了解更多信息请查阅“芯片总线结构”。
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->· <!-- [endif]-->The DMA controllers can perform several types of data transfers:
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->· <!-- [endif]-->Between internal memories (L1/L2) (IMDMA, MDMA1, MDMA2) Chapter 6, “Memory.”
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->· <!-- [endif]-->Between external memory (SDRAM, Flash memory) and internal memory (L1/L2) (MDAM1, MDMA2) chapter 6, “Memory.”
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->· <!-- [endif]-->Between memory and the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Chapter 10, “SPI compatible Port Controllers.”
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->· <!-- [endif]-->Between memory and a Serial Port (SPORT) Chapter 12, “Serial Port Controllers.”
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->· <!-- [endif]-->Between memory and the UART Port Chapter 13, “UART Port Controller.”
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->· <!-- [endif]-->Between memory and the Parallel Peripheral Interface (PPI) Chapter 11, “Parallel Peripheral Interface.”
DMA 控制器的数据传输方式:
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->· <!-- [endif]-->内部存储器( L1/L2)( IMDMA, MDMA1, MDMA2)之间。第 6章,“存储器”。
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->· <!-- [endif]-->外部存储器( SDRAM, Flash memory)与内部存储器( L1/L2)( MDMA1, MDMA2)之间。第 6章,“存储器”。
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->· <!-- [endif]-->存储器与串行外围设备接口( SPI)之间。第 10章,“ SPI 兼容接口控制器”。
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->· <!-- [endif]-->存储器与串口( SPORT)之间。第 12章,“串行接口控制器”。
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->· <!-- [endif]-->存储器与 UART接口之间 。第 13章,“ UART 接口控制器”。
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->· <!-- [endif]-->存储器与并行外围设备接口( PPI)之间。第 11章,“并行外围设备接口”。
Table 9-1 shows the default channel assignment at DSP reset. The channel number is also the default channel priority number; a value of 0 indicates the highest priority. However, the user can program it using the Peripheral Map Register(DMAx_PERIPHERAL_MAP or MDMA_yy_PERIPHERAL_MAP).
表 9-1 说明了在 DSP复位时默认的管道分配。管道编号也是管道的默认优先级, 0代表最高优先级。但是,用户可以通过外围设备映射寄存器( DMAx_PERIPHERAL_MAP 或 DMA_yy_PERIPHERAL_MAP)来修改优先级。
Table 9-1. Default Channel Assignment
表 9-1. 默认的管道分配
DMA1 | Description | DMA2 | Description | IMDMA | Description |
Channel0 | PPI0 Receive/Transmit | Channel0 | SPORT0 Receive | Channel0 | IMDMA Stream0 Destination |
Channel1 | PPI1 Receive/Transmit | Channel1 | SPORT0 Transmit | Channel1 | IMDMA Stream0 Source |
Channel2 | Reserved | Channel2 | SPORT1 Receive | Channel2 | IMDMA Stream1 Destination |
Channel3 | Reserved | Channel3 | SPORT2 Transmit | Channel3 | IMDMA Stream1 Source |
Channel4 | Reserved | Channel4 | SPI Receive/Transmit | ||
Channel5 | Reserved | Channel5 | UART Receive | ||
Channel6 | Reserved | Channel6 | UART Transmit | ||
Channel7 | Reserved | Channel7 | Reserved | ||
Channel8 | Reserved | Channel8 | Reserved | ||
Channel9 | Reserved | Channel9 | Reserved | ||
Channel10 | Reserved | Channel10 | Reserved | ||
Channel11 | Reserved | Channel11 | Reserved | ||
Channel12 | MDMA Stream0 Destination | Channel12 | MDMA Stream0 Destination | ||
Channel13 | MDMA Stream0 Source | Channel13 | MDMA Stream0 Source | ||
Channel14 | MDMA Stream1 Destination | Channel14 | MDMA Stream1 Destination | ||
Channel15 | MDMA Stream1 Source | Channel15 | MDMA Stream1 Source |
This Chapter describes the features common to all the DMA channels, as well as how DMA operations are set up. For specific peripheral features, see the appropriate peripheral chapter for additional information. Performance and bus arbitration for DMA can be found in “DAB, DCB, and DEB Performance” on another page.
这一章描述了所有 DMA通道的公共特征以及如何设置 DMA操作。如果想了解详细而精确的外围设备特征,可查阅与外围设备对应的相关章节。 DMA的性能及总线仲裁在其他页面的“ DAB, DCB和 DEB性能”中可以找到。
DMA transfers on the processor can be descriptor-based or register-based. Descriptor-based DMA transfers require a set of parameters stored within memory to initiate a DMA sequence. This sort of transfer allows the chaining together of multiple DMA sequences. In descriptor-based DMA operation, a DMA channel can be programmed to automatically set up and start another DMA transfer after the current sequence completes. Register-based DMA allows the processor to directly program DMA control registers to initiate a DMA transfer. On completion, the control registers may be automatically updated with their original setup values for continuous transfer, if needed.
处理器上的 DMA传输可以使基于描述符或者基于寄存器的。基于描述符的 DMA传输需要存储器中的参数集来启动 DMA序列。这种传输方法允许多个 DMA队列链接在一起。在基于描述符的 DMA操作中,可以通过编程使 DMA自动设置并且在当前队列完成以后开始下一个 DMA传输。基于寄存器的 DMA允许处理器直接通过修改 DMA控制寄存器来启动 DMA传输。当传输完成时,如果需要的话,控制寄存器可能会自动更新为原始设置并继续传输。