基本思想是使用数组作为盛放元素的容器,数组一开始的大小要实现确定,并使用一个Pointer指向顺序表中最后的元素。顺序表中的元素是数组中元素的子集。顺序表在内存中是连续的,优势是查找,弱势是插入元素和删除元素。
为避免装箱拆箱,这里使用泛型,代替object。使用object的例子可以参照http://blog.csdn.net/suinon/archive/2010/02/02/5280610.aspx,这个链接中的例子实现的是队列,并没 有使用Pointer来标识 顺序表中最后一个元素,而是动态的调整数组的大小,这与本例明显不同,动态调整数组大小开销较大。使用object同样可以完成顺序表数据结构,但是频繁装箱拆箱造成较大的开销,应使用泛型代替。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace LinearList { public interface IListDS<T> { int GetLength(); void Insert(T item, int i); void Add(T item); bool IsEmpty(); T GetElement(int i); void Delete(int i); void Clear(); int LocateElement(T item); void Reverse(); } //顺序表类 class SequenceList<T>:IListDS<T> { private int intMaxSize;//最大容量事先确定,使用数组必须先确定容量 private T[] tItems;//使用数组盛放元素 private int intPointerLast;//始终指向最后一个元素的位置 public int MaxSize { get { return this.intMaxSize; } set { this.intMaxSize = value; } } public T this[int i]//索引器方便返回 { get { return this.tItems[i]; } } public int PointerLast { get { return this.intPointerLast; } } public SequenceList(int size) { this.intMaxSize = size; this.tItems = new T[size];//在这里初始化最合理 this.intPointerLast = -1;//初始值设为-1,此时数组中元素个数为0 } public bool IsFull()//判断是否超出容量 { return this.intPointerLast+1 == this.intMaxSize; } #region IListDS<T> 成员 public int GetLength() { return this.intPointerLast + 1;//不能返回tItems的长度 } public void Insert(T item, int i)//设i为第i个元素,从1开始。该函数表示在第i个元素后面插入item { if (i < 1 || i > this.intPointerLast + 1) { Console.WriteLine("The inserting location is wrong!"); return; } if (this.IsFull()) { Console.WriteLine("This linear list is full! Can't insert any new items!"); return; } //如果可以添加 this.intPointerLast++; for(int j=this.intPointerLast;j>=i+1;j--) { this.tItems[j] = this.tItems[j - 1]; } this.tItems[i] = item; } public void Add(T item) { if (this.IsFull())//如果超出最大容量,则无法添加新元素 { Console.WriteLine("This linear list is full! Can't add any new items!"); } else { this.tItems[++this.intPointerLast] = item;//表长+1 } } public bool IsEmpty() { return this.intPointerLast == -1; } public T GetElement(int i)//设i最小从0开始 { if(this.intPointerLast == -1) { Console.WriteLine("There are no elements in this linear list!"); return default(T); } if (i > this.intPointerLast||i<0) { Console.WriteLine("Exceed the capability!"); return default(T); } return this.tItems[i]; } public void Delete(int i)//设i最小从0开始 { if (this.intPointerLast == -1) { Console.WriteLine("There are no elements in this linear list!"); return; } if (i > this.intPointerLast || i < 0) { Console.WriteLine("Deleting location is wrong!"); return; } for (int j = i; j < this.intPointerLast; j++) { this.tItems[j] = this.tItems[j + 1]; } this.intPointerLast--;//表长-1 } public void Clear() { this.intPointerLast = -1; } public int LocateElement(T item) { if (this.intPointerLast == -1) { Console.WriteLine("There are no items in the list!"); return -1; } for (int i = 0; i <= this.intPointerLast; i++) { if (this.tItems[i].Equals(item))//若是自定义类型,则T类必须把Equals函数override { return i; } } Console.WriteLine("Not found"); return -1; } public void Reverse() { if (this.intPointerLast == -1) { Console.WriteLine("There are no items in the list!"); } else { int i = 0; int j = this.GetLength() / 2;//结果为下界整数,正好用于循环 while (i < j) { T tmp = this.tItems[i]; this.tItems[i] = this.tItems[this.intPointerLast - i]; this.tItems[this.intPointerLast - i] = tmp; i++; } } } #endregion } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { } } }
基于顺序表的合并排序:
//基于顺序表的合并排序 static private SequenceList<int> Merge(SequenceList<int> s1,SequenceList<int> s2) { SequenceList<int> sList = new SequenceList<int>(20); int i = 0; int j = 0; while(i<=s1.PointerLast&&j<=s2.PointerLast) { if (s1[i] < s2[j]) { sList.Add(s1[i]); i++; } else { sList.Add(s2[j]); j++; } } if (i > s1.PointerLast) { while (j <= s2.PointerLast) { sList.Add(s2[j]); j++; } return sList; } else//即j>s2.PointerLast { while (i <= s1.PointerLast) { sList.Add(s1[i]); i++; } return sList; } }