进程创建-CSDN博客

Linux中关于进程创建的主要函数有fork,vfork,clone，他们的实现都是有do_fork来完成的，只是传入的参数有差别，do_fork中调用函数copy_process从父进程中复制相关内容到子进程，其中这个复制量的确定是根据传入参数flag来确定是否需要重新申请内存还是共享父进程的资源，下面对具体的代码进行分析。

/*唯一使用的标志是SIGCHLD。这意味着在子进程终止后发送SIGCHLD信号通知父进程。 */ int sys_fork(struct pt_regs *regs) { return do_fork(SIGCHLD, regs->sp, regs, 0, NULL, NULL); } /* * This is trivial, and on the face of it looks like it * could equally well be done in user mode. * * Not so, for quite unobvious reasons - register pressure. * In user mode vfork() cannot have a stack frame, and if * done by calling the "clone()" system call directly, you * do not have enough call-clobbered registers to hold all * the information you need. */ int sys_vfork(struct pt_regs *regs) { return do_fork(CLONE_VFORK | CLONE_VM | SIGCHLD, regs->sp, regs, 0, NULL, NULL); } /*可以看到，参数的设置取决于用户的设置*/ int sys_clone(struct pt_regs *regs) { unsigned long clone_flags; unsigned long newsp; int __user *parent_tidptr, *child_tidptr; clone_flags = regs->bx; newsp = regs->cx; parent_tidptr = (int __user *)regs->dx; child_tidptr = (int __user *)regs->di; if (!newsp) newsp = regs->sp; return do_fork(clone_flags, newsp, regs, 0, parent_tidptr, child_tidptr); }

下面是具体的do_fork函数

/* * Ok, this is the main fork-routine. * * It copies the process, and if successful kick-starts * it and waits for it to finish using the VM if required. */ /*clone_flags是一个标志集合，用来指定控制复制过程的一些属性。最低字节指定了在子进程终止时被发给父进程的信号号码。其余的高位字节保存了各种常数，下文会分别讨论。 start_stack是用户状态下栈的起始地址。 regs是一个指向寄存器集合的指针，其中以原始形式保存了调用参数。该参数使用的数据类型是特定于体系结构的struct pt_regs，其中按照系统调用执行时寄存器在内核栈上的存储顺序，保存了所有的寄存器（更详细的信息，请参考附录A）。 stack_size是用户状态下栈的大小。该参数通常是不必要的，设置为0。 parent_tidptr和child_tidptr是指向用户空间中地址的两个指针，分别指向父子进程的TID。NPTL（Native Posix Threads Library）库的线程实现需要这两个参数。 */ long do_fork(unsigned long clone_flags, unsigned long stack_start, struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long stack_size, int __user *parent_tidptr, int __user *child_tidptr) { struct task_struct *p; int trace = 0; long nr; /* * Do some preliminary argument and permissions checking before we * actually start allocating stuff */ /*下面是标志组合的正确性检查*/ if (clone_flags & CLONE_NEWUSER) { if (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD) return -EINVAL; /* hopefully this check will go away when userns support is * complete *//*权限*/ if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN) || !capable(CAP_SETUID) || !capable(CAP_SETGID)) return -EPERM; } /* * We hope to recycle these flags after 2.6.26 */ /*如果设置了CLONE_STOPPED标志，进程内核打印输出创建标志信息*/ if (unlikely(clone_flags & CLONE_STOPPED)) { static int __read_mostly count = 100; /*函数printk_ratelimit为打印控制，具体会在后面做分析*/ if (count > 0 && printk_ratelimit()) { char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN]; count--; printk(KERN_INFO "fork(): process `%s' used deprecated " "clone flags 0x%lx\n", get_task_comm(comm, current), clone_flags & CLONE_STOPPED); } } /* * When called from kernel_thread, don't do user tracing stuff. */ /*whether a register set came from user mode.*/ if (likely(user_mode(regs))) trace = tracehook_prepare_clone(clone_flags);/*Its return value will be passed to tracehook_finish_clone().*/ /*复制一个进程，并对相应标志位进行设定，参见后面的详细介绍 */ p = copy_process(clone_flags, stack_start, regs, stack_size, child_tidptr, NULL, trace); /* * Do this prior waking up the new thread - the thread pointer * might get invalid after that point, if the thread exits quickly. */ if (!IS_ERR(p)) {/*判断p的有效性*/ struct completion vfork; /*???*/ trace_sched_process_fork(current, p); nr = task_pid_vnr(p);/*返回进程p的命名空间中的pid*/ /*Write a simple value into user space*/ if (clone_flags & CLONE_PARENT_SETTID)/* if set the TID in the parent */ put_user(nr, parent_tidptr);/*将nr放到parent_tidptr地址中此地址为用户空间中的*/ /*如果设置了这个标志，将初始化进程中的 completion结构*/ if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK) { p->vfork_done = &vfork; init_completion(&vfork); } /*audit context内容的复制，需要该变量空间已经存在*/ audit_finish_fork(p); /*如果进子进程被跟踪则发送SIGSTOP信号. 由于子进程现在还没有运行,信号不能被处理　　所以设置TIF_SIGPENDING标志*/ tracehook_report_clone(regs, clone_flags, nr, p); /* * We set PF_STARTING at creation in case tracing wants to * use this to distinguish a fully live task from one that * hasn't gotten to tracehook_report_clone() yet. Now we * clear it and set the child going. */ p->flags &= ~PF_STARTING; /*如果子进程初始化成STOP状态　　　则发送SIGSTOP信号.由于子进程现在还没有运行,信号不能被处理　　　所以设置TIF_SIGPENDING标志*/ if (unlikely(clone_flags & CLONE_STOPPED)) { /* * We'll start up with an immediate SIGSTOP. */ sigaddset(&p->pending.signal, SIGSTOP); set_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_SIGPENDING); __set_task_state(p, TASK_STOPPED); } else {/*进入运行队列，调用调度类的唤醒函数，后面详细介绍*/ wake_up_new_task(p, clone_flags); } tracehook_report_clone_complete(trace, regs, clone_flags, nr, p); /*如果定义了CLONE_VFORK标志.则将当前进程投入睡眠*/ if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK) { freezer_do_not_count(); wait_for_completion(&vfork); freezer_count(); tracehook_report_vfork_done(p, nr); } } else { nr = PTR_ERR(p); } return nr; }对于设置了CLONE_VFORK标志的，调用下面函数

/** * init_completion: - Initialize a dynamically allocated completion * @x: completion structure that is to be initialized * * This inline function will initialize a dynamically created completion * structure. */ static inline void init_completion(struct completion *x) { /*done标志为0。表示子进程还没有将父进程唤醒*/ x->done = 0; /*初始化一个等待队列*/ init_waitqueue_head(&x->wait); }和下面的代码呼应

/*如果定义了CLONE_VFORK标志.则将当前进程投入睡眠*/ if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK) { freezer_do_not_count(); wait_for_completion(&vfork); freezer_count(); tracehook_report_vfork_done(p, nr); }唤醒函数，将进程入运行队列

/* * wake_up_new_task - wake up a newly created task for the first time. * * This function will do some initial scheduler statistics housekeeping * that must be done for every newly created context, then puts the task * on the runqueue and wakes it. */ void wake_up_new_task(struct task_struct *p, unsigned long clone_flags) { unsigned long flags; struct rq *rq; rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags);/*获得指定task的rq*/ BUG_ON(p->state != TASK_RUNNING); update_rq_clock(rq);/*更新rq的时钟计时*/ if (!p->sched_class->task_new || !current->se.on_rq) { activate_task(rq, p, 0);/*进入运行队列*/ } else { /* * Let the scheduling class do new task startup * management (if any): */ p->sched_class->task_new(rq, p); inc_nr_running(rq); } trace_sched_wakeup_new(rq, p, 1); /*用以決定一個Task是否可以中斷目前正在運作的Task,取得執行權.*/ check_preempt_curr(rq, p, WF_FORK); #ifdef CONFIG_SMP if (p->sched_class->task_wake_up) p->sched_class->task_wake_up(rq, p); #endif task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags); }
对于copy_process函数比较繁琐，也是do_fork主要执行函数，完成进程资源的复制，根据相关的标志位，有的资源需要和父进程共享，具体下一篇我们会看到。