Javascript中的prototype

<wbr><p><span style="font-size:16px">prototype 是在IE4及其以后版本引入的一个针对于某一类的对象的方法,而且特殊的地方便在于:它可以给一个给类的对象添加方法。</span></p> <p><wbr></wbr></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px">首先,我们要先了解一下类的概念,<strong><span style="color:#ff0000">JavaScript 本身是一种面向对象的语言,它所涉及的元素根据其属性的不同都依附于某一个特定的类。</span></strong>我们所常见的类包括:数组变量(Array)、逻辑变量 (Boolean)、日期变量(Date)、结构变量(Function)、数值变量(Number)、对象变量(Object)、字符串变量 (String) 等,而相关的类的方法,也是程序员经常用到的(在这里要区分一下类的注意和属性方法),例如数组的push方法、日期的get系列方法、字符串的 split方法等等,</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px">  </span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>但是在实际的编程过程中不知道有没有感觉到现有方法的不足?prototype 方法应运而生!下面,将通过实例由浅入深讲解 prototype 的具体使用方法:</strong></span></p> <p><wbr></wbr></p> <p><wbr></wbr></p> <p><span style="font-size:18px; color:#ff0000"><strong>1 最简单的例子,了解prototype:<br></strong></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>①<wbr>Number.add(num):作用,数字相加<br></wbr></strong>实现方法:<strong>Number.prototype.add = function(num){return(this+num);}<br></strong>试验:alert((3).add(15)) -&gt; 显示 18<br><br><br><strong>②<wbr>Boolean.rev(): 作用,布尔变量取反<br></wbr></strong>实现方法:<strong>Boolean.prototype.rev = function(){return(!this);}<br></strong>试验:alert((true).rev()) -&gt; 显示 false<br><br></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px"><br><strong><span style="font-size:18px; color:#ff0000">2<wbr>已有方法的实现和增强,初识prototype:</wbr></span></strong></span></p> <p><span style="color:#ff0000"><br></span><strong>(1) Array.push(new_element)<br></strong>  </p> <p>作用:在数组末尾加入一个新的元素<br></p> <p>  <strong>Array.prototype.push</strong> = function(new_element){<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> this[this.length]=new_element;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> return this.length;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> }</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></p> <p><br>   让我们进一步来增强他,让他可以一次增加多个元素!<br></p> <p>  <strong>Array.prototype.pushPro</strong> = function() {<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> var currentLength = this.length;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> for (var i = 0; i &lt; arguments.length; i++) {<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> this[currentLength + i] = arguments[i];<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>}<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>return this.length;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>}</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></p> <p><br>   以此类推,你可以考虑一下如何通过增强 Array.pop 来实现删除任意位置,任意多个元素。</p> <p><wbr></wbr></p> <p><br><strong>(2) String.length<br></strong>  </p> <p>作用:这实际上是 String 类的一个属性,但是由于 JavaScript 将全角、半角均视为是一个字符,在一些实际运用中可能会造成一定的问题,现在我们通过 prototype 来弥补这部不足。<br>   实现方法:<br>   <strong>String.prototype.cnLength</strong> = function(){<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> var arr=this.match(/[^\x00-\xff]/ig);<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> return this.length+(arr==null?0:arr.length);<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>}<br>   试验:alert("EaseWe空间Spaces".cnLength()) -&gt; 显示 16<br>   这里用到了一些正则表达式的方法和全角字符的编码原理,由于属于另两个比较大的类别,本文不加说明,请参考相关材料。<br><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></p> <p><br><strong><span style="font-size:18px; color:#ff6600">3 新功能的实现,深入prototype:</span></strong></p> <p>在实际编程中所用到的肯定不只是已有方法的增强,更多的实行的功能的要求,</p> <p><strong>(1) String.left()<br></strong>  </p> <p>问题:用过 vb 的应该都知道left函数,从字符串左边取n个字符,但是不足是将全角、半角均视为是一个字符,造成在中英文混</p> <p>排的版面中不能截取等长的字符串</p> <p><br> 作用:从字符串左边截取 n 个字符,并支持全角半角字符的区分<br></p> <p>  <strong>String.prototype.left</strong> = function(num,mode){<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> if(!/\d+/.test(num))return(this);<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> var str = this.substr(0,num);<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> if(!mode) return str;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> var n = str.Tlength() - str.length;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>num = num - parseInt(n/2);<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> return this.substr(0,num);<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> }<br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></p> <p>alert("EaseWe空间Spaces".left(8)) -&gt; 显示 EaseWe空间<br> alert("EaseWe空间Spaces".left(8,true)) -&gt; 显示 EaseWe空<br></p> <p>本方法用到了上面所提到的String.Tlength()方法,自定义方法之间也能组合出一些不错的新方法呀!<br><br><strong>(2) Date.DayDiff()<br></strong>  </p> <p>作用:计算出两个日期型变量的间隔时间(年、月、日、周)<br></p> <p>  <strong>Date.prototype.DayDiff</strong> = function(cDate,mode){<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> try{<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> cDate.getYear();<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> }catch(e){<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> return(0);<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> }<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> var base =60*60*24*1000;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> var result = Math.abs(this - cDate);<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> switch(mode){<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> case "y":<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> result/=base*365;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> break;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> case "m":<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> result/=base*365/12;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> break;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> case "w":<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> result/=base*7;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> break;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> default:<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> result/=base;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></p></wbr>
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