互联网的发展,网站应用的规模不断扩大,常规的垂直应用架构已无法应对,分布式服务架构以及流动计算架构势在必行,Dubbo是一个分布式服务框架,在这种情况下诞生的。现在核心业务抽取出来,作为独立的服务,使前端应用能更快速和稳定的响应。
第一:Dubbo的简介
节点角色说明:
Provider: 暴露服务的服务提供方。
Consumer: 调用远程服务的服务消费方。
Registry: 服务注册与发现的注册中心。
Monitor: 统计服务的调用次调和调用时间的监控中心。
Container: 服务运行容器。
调用关系说明:
0. 服务容器负责启动,加载,运行服务提供者。
1. 服务提供者在启动时,向注册中心注册自己提供的服务。
2. 服务消费者在启动时,向注册中心订阅自己所需的服务。
3. 注册中心返回服务提供者地址列表给消费者,如果有变更,注册中心将基于长连接推送变更数据给消费者。
4. 服务消费者,从提供者地址列表中,基于软负载均衡算法,选一台提供者进行调用,如果调用失败,再选另一台调用。
5. 服务消费者和提供者,在内存中累计调用次数和调用时间,定时每分钟发送一次统计数据到监控中心。
Dubbo提供了很多协议,Dubbo协议、RMI协议、Hessian协议,我们查看Dubbo源代码,有各种协议的实现,如图所示
上面是参考了Dubbo官方网介绍,接下来我们来介绍SpringMVC、Dubbo、Zookeeper整合使用
第二:Dubbo与Zookeeper,SpringMVC整合使用
①在Linux上安装Zookeeper
Zookeeper作为Dubbo服务的注册中心,Dubbo原先基于数据库的注册中心,没采用Zookeeper,Zookeeper是一个分布式的服务框架,是树型的目录服务的数据存储,能做到集群管理数据 ,这里能很好的作为Dubbo服务的注册中心,Dubbo能与Zookeeper做到集群部署,当提供者出现断电等异常停机时,Zookeeper注册中心能自动删除提供者信息,当提供者重启时,能自动恢复注册数据,以及订阅请求。我们先在linux上安装Zookeeper,我们安装集群:http://weigang-gao.iteye.com/admin/blogs/2353314
②配置dubbo-admin的管理页面,方便我们管理页面
下载dubbo源码:https://github.com/alibaba/dubbo
1.将源码导入eclipse,目录结构如下
2.更新dubbo-parent
3.根据eclipse的提示修改错误
4.修改dobbo-admin的配置文件dubbo.properties
5.打包dubbo-admin,可能会报如下错误(下载opensesame即可,见附件)
6.将打包好的dubbo-admin拷贝到tomcat的webapps目录下面
7.启动tomcat,并查看日志
8.在浏览器中访问:http://10.224.102.101:8080/dubbo-admin ,用户名及密码:root/root
第三:SpringMVC与Dubbo的整合,这里使用的是Maven的项目管理
我们先开发服务端,项目目录结构如图所示:
配置pom.xml文件
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.alibaba.dubbo</groupId> <artifactId>dubbo-provider-demo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>dubbo-provider-demo</name> <description>test</description> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <spring.version>3.1.0.RELEASE</spring.version> <jetty_version>6.1.25</jetty_version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.rocketmq</groupId> <artifactId>rocketmq-all</artifactId> <version>3.0.4-open</version> <type>pom</type> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.rocketmq</groupId> <artifactId>rocketmq-client</artifactId> <version>3.0.4-open</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.rocketmq</groupId> <artifactId>rocketmq-common</artifactId> <version>3.0.4-open</version> </dependency> --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId> <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.2.3</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId> <version>4.2.3</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId> <version>4.2.3</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>1.1.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId> <version>1.1.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.10</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.swinglabs</groupId> <artifactId>swingx</artifactId> <version>1.6.1</version> </dependency> <!--Redis --> <dependency> <groupId>redis.clients</groupId> <artifactId>jedis</artifactId> <version>2.4.2</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <!-- spring --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- 定时器 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId> <artifactId>quartz</artifactId> <version>1.7.2</version> </dependency> <!-- dubbo --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId> <version>2.4.11</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId> <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId> <version>3.3.6</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.16</version> </dependency> <!-- spring mvc 返回 json使用 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId> <version>1.8.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId> <version>1.8.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId> <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId> <version>0.1</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.12.4</version> <configuration> <skipTests>true</skipTests> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId> <artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId> <version>6.1.25</version> <configuration> <connectors> <connector implementation="org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector"> <port>8090</port> <maxIdleTime>60000</maxIdleTime> </connector> </connectors> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> <finalName>dubbo-provider-demo</finalName> </build> </project>
①实体类MsgInfo定义
package com.alibaba.dubbo.model;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
public class MsgInfo implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2814022769568306965L;
int id;
String name;
List<String> msgs;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public List<String> getMsgs() {
return msgs;
}
public void setMsgs(List<String> msgs) {
this.msgs = msgs;
}
}
②服务接口定义IDemoService:
package com.alibaba.dubbo.service;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.model.MsgInfo;
public interface IDemoService {
public void sayHello();
public String returnHello();
public MsgInfo returnMsgInfo(MsgInfo info);
}
③服务接口实现DemoService
package com.alibaba.dubbo.service.impl;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.model.MsgInfo;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.service.IDemoService;
public class DemoService implements IDemoService{
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("hello world!");
}
public String returnHello() {
return "hello world!";
}
public MsgInfo returnMsgInfo(MsgInfo info) {
info.getMsgs().add("处理完毕");
return info;
}
}
⑤配置dubbo配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd "> <dubbo:application name="hello-world-app" /> <!-- zookeeper注册中心 --> <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="10.224.102.101:2181,10.224.102.102:2181,10.224.102.103:2181" /> <!-- 使用multicast广播注册中心暴露服务地址 --> <!-- <dubbo:registry address="multicast://10.57.41.19:1234" /> --> <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" /> <dubbo:service interface="com.alibaba.dubbo.service.IDemoService" ref="demoService" /> <!-- 和本地bean一样实现服务 --> <bean id="demoService" class="com.alibaba.dubbo.service.impl.DemoService" /> </beans>
说明:
dubbo:registry 标签一些属性的说明:
1)register是否向此注册中心注册服务,如果设为false,将只订阅,不注册。
2)check注册中心不存在时,是否报错。
3)subscribe是否向此注册中心订阅服务,如果设为false,将只注册,不订阅。
4)timeout注册中心请求超时时间(毫秒)。
5)address可以Zookeeper集群配置,地址可以多个以逗号隔开等。
dubbo:service标签的一些属性说明:
1)interface服务接口的路径
2)ref引用对应的实现类的Bean的ID
3)registry向指定注册中心注册,在多个注册中心时使用,值为<dubbo:registry>的id属性,多个注册中心ID用逗号分隔,如果不想将该服务注册到任何registry,可将值设为N/A
4)register 默认true ,该协议的服务是否注册到注册中心。
⑥打包dubbo-provider-demo并发布到tomcat服务器上,然后我们在Dubbo管理页面上显示,已经暴露的服务,但显示还没有消费者,因为我们还没实现消费者服务,如图所示:
第二:再开发服务调用者,Maven项目的目录结构如下:
MsgInfo,IDemoService,pom.xml文件与服务提供方相同,在此省略
①配置dubbo-consumer.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd "> <!-- 消费方应用名,用于计算依赖关系,不是匹配条件,不要与提供方一样 --> <dubbo:application name="consumer-of-helloworld" /> <!-- zookeeper注册中心 --> <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="10.224.102.101:2181,10.224.102.102:2181,10.224.102.103:2181" /> <!-- 使用multicast广播注册中心暴露的服务地址 --> <!--<dubbo:registry address="multicast://10.57.41.19:1234" /> --> <!-- 生成远程服务代理,可以和本地bean一样使用demoService --> <dubbo:reference id="demoService" interface="com.alibaba.dubbo.service.IDemoService" /> </beans>
②编写测试类ConsumerTest
package com.alibaba.dubbo.service;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.I0Itec.zkclient.ZkClient;
import org.I0Itec.zkclient.serialize.SerializableSerializer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.model.MsgInfo;
public class ConsumerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConsumerTest test = new ConsumerTest();
test.start();
}
public void start(){
System.out.println("consumerTest start...");
String configLocation="META-INF/spring/dubbo-consumer.xml";
ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocation);
IDemoService ds=(IDemoService) context.getBean("demoService");
String [] names=context.getBeanDefinitionNames();
System.out.print("Beans:");
for (String string : names) {
System.out.print(string);
System.out.print(",");
}
System.out.println();
MsgInfo info =new MsgInfo();
info.setId(1);
info.setName("ruisheh");
List<String> msgs=new ArrayList<String>();
msgs.add("I");
msgs.add("am");
msgs.add("test");
info.setMsgs(msgs);
System.out.println(ds.returnMsgInfo(info).getMsgs());
}
}
③测试结果:
注意:在本地测试的时候需要配置hosts文件,否者会报zookeeper连接超时,如下
本人机器上host文件配置
在dubbo管理页面查看调用者信息
参考:http://blog.csdn.net/congcong68/article/details/41113239