一个Win32 C++ 动态连接库的模板 --- 调用方可管理DLL分配的内存

一个Win32 C++ 动态连接库的模板

cheungmine

一般情形下，使用C++编写动态库（DLL），在方法参数中不能输出STL对象类型， 如 std::string，这给我们的工作带来极大的麻烦。我参考一些资料，写了个C++ DLL模板，专门解决了这个问题。

使用VS2003新建一个Win32 DLL工程——DllCppTmpl，选择空项目，即什么也不自动创建。然后把下面2个文件加入到你的工程中，编译之。

文件1：DllCppTmpl.h

//
// DllCppTmpl.h-Win32CPPDllTemplate
// cheungmine
// underlicenceBSD
// 2007
//
#ifndef_DLLCPPTMPL_H_
#define _DLLCPPTMPL_H_

//
// DllExport
//
#ifdefDLLCPPTMPL_DLLEXPORT
#define DLLCPPTMPL_DLL__declspec(dllexport)
#elif defined(DLLCPPTMPL_IMPORTS)
#define DLLCPPTMPL_DLL__declspec(dllimport)
#else
#define DLLCPPTMPL_DLL
#endif

//
// 公共头文件
//
#include < string >
using namespace std;

#include < new > // fornew_handler

#define DLLCPPTMPL_API__cdecl

typedef void * (DLLCPPTMPL_API * PtrNew)(size_t);
typedef void (DLLCPPTMPL_API * PtrDelete)( void * );
typedef void (DLLCPPTMPL_API * PtrGetNewAndDelete)(PtrNew & ,PtrDelete & );
typedefnew_handler(DLLCPPTMPL_API * PtrSetNewHandler)(new_handler);
typedef void (DLLCPPTMPL_API * PtrSetNewAndDelete)(PtrNew,PtrDelete,PtrSetNewHandler);

//
// DLLCPPTMPL_IMPORTS
//
#ifdefDLLCPPTMPL_IMPORTS
#ifdef_DLL
// causeCRTDLLtobeinitializedbeforeCrypto++sothatwecanusemallocandfreeduringDllMain()
#ifdefNDEBUG
#pragma comment(lib,"msvcrt")
#else
#pragma comment(lib,"msvcrtd")
#endif
#endif

#if !(defined(_MSC_VER)&&(_MSC_VER<1300))
using std::new_handler;
#endif


// WhenDllCppTmplattachestoanewprocess,itsearchesallmodulesloaded
// intotheprocessspaceforexportedfunctions"GetNewAndDeleteFor_DllCppTmpl"
// and"SetNewAndDeleteFrom_DllCppTmpl".Ifoneofthesefunctionsisfound,
// Crypto++usesmethods1or2,respectively,bycallingthefunction.
// Otherwise,method3isused.
static PtrNew_s_pNew = NULL;
static PtrDelete_s_pDelete = NULL;

extern " C " __declspec(dllexport) void __cdeclSetNewAndDeleteFrom_DllCppTmpl(PtrNewpNew,PtrDeletepDelete,PtrSetNewHandlerpSetNewHandler)
... {
_s_pNew=pNew;
_s_pDelete=pDelete;
}

void * __cdecl operator new (size_tsize)
... {
return_s_pNew(size);
}

void __cdecl operator delete( void * p)
... {
_s_pDelete(p);
}
#endif // DLLCPPTMPL_IMPORTS


//
// DLL接口方法
//
namespace DllCppTmpl
... {

voidDLLCPPTMPL_DLLTest1(constchar*in,char**out);

voidDLLCPPTMPL_DLLTest2(conststring&in,string&out);

} ; // Canbeignored!
/**/ //
#endif /*ndef_DLLCPPTMPL_H_*/

文件2：DllCppTmpl.cpp

#define DLLCPPTMPL_DLLEXPORT__declspec(dllexport)

#include " DllCppTmpl.h "

#include < string .h >

#include < iostream >
#include < time.h >
#include < windows.h >


#if (_MSC_VER>=1000)
#include < crtdbg.h > // forthedebugheap
#endif


/**/ ////
// 如果使用动态库:DllCppTmpl
using namespace DllCppTmpl;

//
// DLL标准输出
//
#ifdefDLLCPPTMPL_EXPORTS
#if !(defined(_MSC_VER)&&(_MSC_VER<1300))
using std::new_handler;
using std::set_new_handler;
#endif

void _CallNewHandler()
... {
new_handlernewHandler=set_new_handler(NULL);
if(newHandler)
set_new_handler(newHandler);

if(newHandler)
newHandler();
else
throwstd::bad_alloc();
}

static PtrNew_s_pNew = NULL;
static PtrDelete_s_pDelete = NULL;

static void * New(size_tsize)
... {
void*p;
while(!(p=malloc(size)))
_CallNewHandler();

returnp;
}

static void SetNewAndDeleteFunctionPointers()
... {
void*p=NULL;
HMODULEhModule=NULL;
MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATIONmbi;

while(true)
...{
VirtualQuery(p,&mbi,sizeof(mbi));

if(p>=(char*)mbi.BaseAddress+mbi.RegionSize)
break;

p=(char*)mbi.BaseAddress+mbi.RegionSize;

if(!mbi.AllocationBase||mbi.AllocationBase==hModule)
continue;

hModule=HMODULE(mbi.AllocationBase);

PtrGetNewAndDeletepGetNewAndDelete=(PtrGetNewAndDelete)GetProcAddress(hModule,"GetNewAndDeleteFor_DllCppTmpl");
if(pGetNewAndDelete)
...{
pGetNewAndDelete(_s_pNew,_s_pDelete);
return;
}

PtrSetNewAndDeletepSetNewAndDelete=(PtrSetNewAndDelete)GetProcAddress(hModule,"SetNewAndDeleteFrom_DllCppTmpl");
if(pSetNewAndDelete)
...{
_s_pNew=&New;
_s_pDelete=&free;
pSetNewAndDelete(_s_pNew,_s_pDelete,&set_new_handler);
return;
}
}

hModule=GetModuleHandle("msvcrtd");
if(!hModule)
hModule=GetModuleHandle("msvcrt");
if(hModule)
...{
_s_pNew=(PtrNew)GetProcAddress(hModule,"??2@YAPAXI@Z");//operatornew
_s_pDelete=(PtrDelete)GetProcAddress(hModule,"??3@YAXPAX@Z");//operatordelete
return;
}

OutputDebugString("DllCppTmplwasnotabletoobtainnewanddeletefunctionpointers. ");
throw0;
}

void * operator new (size_tsize)
... {
if(!_s_pNew)
SetNewAndDeleteFunctionPointers();

return_s_pNew(size);
}

void operator delete( void * p)
... {
_s_pDelete(p);
}

void * operator new [](size_tsize)
... {
returnoperatornew(size);
}

void operator delete[]( void * p)
... {
operatordelete(p);
}
#endif // #ifdefDLLCPPTMPL_EXPORTS


/**/ /////
// Test
void DLLCPPTMPL_DLLDllCppTmpl::Test1( const char * in , char ** out )
... {
*out=newchar[strlen(in)+20];
strcpy(*out,"Hello");
strcat(*out,in);
}

void DLLCPPTMPL_DLLDllCppTmpl::Test2( const string & in , string & out )
... {
out="hello";
out+=in;
}

好了，开始写客户端。建一个Win32 console项目，如下：

// testDllCppTmpl.cpp:定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include " stdafx.h "

#include < windows.h >

#define DLLCPPTMPL_IMPORTS // 必须定义在前

#include " ../DllCppTmpl/DllCppTmpl.h "
#pragma comment(lib,"../DllCppTmpl/Debug/DllCppTmpl.lib")

/**/ //
using namespace DllCppTmpl;
/**/ ////
int _tmain( int argc,_TCHAR * argv[])
... {
charin[]="cheungmine";
char*out=0;

DllCppTmpl::Test1(in,&out);

printf("Test1:%s ",out);
deleteout;


stringin2="cheungmine";
stringout2;

DllCppTmpl::Test2(in2,out2);

printf("Test2:%s ",out2.c_str());


return0;
}

注意路径的正确，和DllCppTmpl.dll要放到system32下。