在Oracle 10g之前,merge语句支持匹配更新和不匹配插入2种简单的用法,在10g中Oracle对merge语句做了增强,增加了条件选项和DELETE操作。下面我通过一个demo来简单介绍一下10g中merge的增强和10g前merge的用法。
参考Oracle 的SQL Reference,大家可以看到Merge Statement的语法如下:
MERGE [hint] INTO [schema .] table [t_alias] USING [schema .]
{ table | view | subquery } [t_alias] ON ( condition )
WHEN MATCHED THEN merge_update_clause
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN merge_insert_clause;
下面我在windows xp 下10.2.0.1版本上做一个测试看看
SQL> select * from v$version; BANNER ---------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production SQL> 一、创建测试用的表 SQL> create table subs(msid number(9), 2 ms_type char(1), 3 areacode number(3) 4 ); 表已创建。 SQL> create table acct(msid number(9), 2 bill_month number(6), 3 areacode number(3), 4 fee number(8,2) default 0.00); 表已创建。 SQL> SQL> insert into subs values(905310001,0,531); 已创建 1 行。 SQL> insert into subs values(905320001,1,532); 已创建 1 行。 SQL> insert into subs values(905330001,2,533); 已创建 1 行。 SQL> commit; 提交完成。 SQL> 二、下面先演示一下merge的基本功能 1) matched 和not matched clauses 同时使用 merge into acct a using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid) when MATCHED then update set a.areacode=b.areacode when NOT MATCHED then insert(msid,bill_month,areacode) values(b.msid,'200702',b.areacode); 2) 只有not matched clause,也就是只插入不更新 merge into acct a using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid) when NOT MATCHED then insert(msid,bill_month,areacode) values(b.msid,'200702',b.areacode); 3) 只有matched clause, 也就是只更新不插入 merge into acct a using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid) when MATCHED then update set a.areacode=b.areacode Connected to Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 Connected as study SQL> select * from subs; MSID MS_TYPE AREACODE ---------- ------- -------- 905310001 0 531 905320001 1 532 905330001 2 533 SQL> select * from acct; MSID BILL_MONTH AREACODE FEE ---------- ---------- -------- ---------- SQL> SQL> merge into acct a 2 using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid) 3 when MATCHED then 4 update set a.areacode=b.areacode 5 when NOT MATCHED then 6 insert(msid,bill_month,areacode) 7 values(b.msid,'200702',b.areacode); Done SQL> select * from acct; MSID BILL_MONTH AREACODE FEE ---------- ---------- -------- ---------- 905320001 200702 532 0.00 905330001 200702 533 0.00 905310001 200702 531 0.00 SQL> insert into subs values(905340001,3,534); 1 row inserted SQL> select * from subs; MSID MS_TYPE AREACODE ---------- ------- -------- 905340001 3 534 905310001 0 531 905320001 1 532 905330001 2 533 SQL> SQL> merge into acct a 2 using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid) 3 when NOT MATCHED then 4 insert(msid,bill_month,areacode) 5 values(b.msid,'200702',b.areacode); Done SQL> select * from acct; MSID BILL_MONTH AREACODE FEE ---------- ---------- -------- ---------- 905320001 200702 532 0.00 905330001 200702 533 0.00 905310001 200702 531 0.00 905340001 200702 534 0.00 SQL> update subs set areacode=999; 4 rows updated SQL> select * from subs; MSID MS_TYPE AREACODE ---------- ------- -------- 905340001 3 999 905310001 0 999 905320001 1 999 905330001 2 999 SQL> select * from acct; MSID BILL_MONTH AREACODE FEE ---------- ---------- -------- ---------- 905320001 200702 532 0.00 905330001 200702 533 0.00 905310001 200702 531 0.00 905340001 200702 534 0.00 SQL> SQL> merge into acct a 2 using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid) 3 when MATCHED then 4 update set a.areacode=b.areacode; Done SQL> select * from acct; MSID BILL_MONTH AREACODE FEE ---------- ---------- -------- ---------- 905320001 200702 999 0.00 905330001 200702 999 0.00 905310001 200702 999 0.00 905340001 200702 999 0.00 SQL> 三、10g中增强一:条件操作 1) matched 和not matched clauses 同时使用 merge into acct a using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid) when MATCHED then update set a.areacode=b.areacode where b.ms_type=0 when NOT MATCHED then insert(msid,bill_month,areacode) values(b.msid,'200702',b.areacode) where b.ms_type=0; 2) 只有not matched clause,也就是只插入不更新 merge into acct a using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid) when NOT MATCHED then insert(msid,bill_month,areacode) values(b.msid,'200702',b.areacode) where b.ms_type=0; 3) 只有matched clause, 也就是只更新不插入 merge into acct a using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid) when MATCHED then update set a.areacode=b.areacode where b.ms_type=0; Connected to Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 Connected as study SQL> select * from subs; MSID MS_TYPE AREACODE ---------- ------- -------- 905310001 0 531 905320001 1 532 905330001 2 533 SQL> select * from acct; MSID BILL_MONTH AREACODE FEE ---------- ---------- -------- ---------- SQL> SQL> merge into acct a 2 using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid) 3 when MATCHED then 4 update set a.areacode=b.areacode 5 where b.ms_type=0 6 when NOT MATCHED then 7 insert(msid,bill_month,areacode) 8 values(b.msid,'200702',b.areacode) 9 where b.ms_type=0; Done SQL> select * from acct; MSID BILL_MONTH AREACODE FEE ---------- ---------- -------- ---------- 905310001 200702 531 0.00 SQL> insert into subs values(905360001,0,536); 1 row inserted SQL> select * from subs; MSID MS_TYPE AREACODE ---------- ------- -------- 905360001 0 536 905310001 0 531 905320001 1 532 905330001 2 533 SQL> SQL> merge into acct a 2 using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid) 3 when NOT MATCHED then 4 insert(msid,bill_month,areacode) 5 values(b.msid,'200702',b.areacode) 6 where b.ms_type=0; Done SQL> select * from acct; MSID BILL_MONTH AREACODE FEE ---------- ---------- -------- ---------- 905310001 200702 531 0.00 905360001 200702 536 0.00 SQL> update subs set areacode=888 where ms_type=0; 2 rows updated SQL> select * from subs; MSID MS_TYPE AREACODE ---------- ------- -------- 905360001 0 888 905310001 0 888 905320001 1 532 905330001 2 533 SQL> select * from acct; MSID BILL_MONTH AREACODE FEE ---------- ---------- -------- ---------- 905310001 200702 531 0.00 905360001 200702 536 0.00 SQL> SQL> merge into acct a 2 using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid) 3 when MATCHED then 4 update set a.areacode=b.areacode 5 where b.ms_type=0; Done SQL> select * from acct; MSID BILL_MONTH AREACODE FEE ---------- ---------- -------- ---------- 905310001 200702 888 0.00 905360001 200702 888 0.00 SQL> 四、10g中增强二:删除操作 An optional DELETE WHERE clause can be used to clean up after a merge operation. Only those rows which match both the ON clause and the DELETE WHERE clause are deleted. merge into acct a using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid) when MATCHED then update set a.areacode=b.areacode delete where (b.ms_type!=0); SQL> select * from subs; MSID MS_TYPE AREACODE ---------- ------- -------- 905310001 0 531 905320001 1 532 905330001 2 533 SQL> select * from acct; MSID MS_TYPE AREACODE ---------- ------- -------- 905310001 0 531 905320001 1 532 905330001 2 533 SQL> SQL> merge into acct a 2 using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid) 3 when MATCHED then 4 update set a.areacode=b.areacode 5 delete where (b.ms_type!=0); Done SQL> select * from acct; MSID MS_TYPE AREACODE ---------- ------- -------- 905310001 0 531 SQL> 更为详尽的语法,请参考Oracle SQL Reference手册! 原文链接:http://tomszrp.itpub.net/post/11835/263865
存储过程的实现新增去重复
tzxd@webora9> drop table t ;
Table dropped.
tzxd@webora9> create table t (t1 number(5),t2 varchar2(20));
Table created.
tzxd@webora9> create index idx_t_t1 on t(t1);
Index created.
tzxd@webora9> declare
2 v_dummy number(1);
3 begin
4 select count(*) into v_dummy from t where t1 = 1 for update;
5 if v_dummy = 1 then
6 dbms_output.put_line('value 1 of t1 is exists ');
7 else
8 insert into t values(1,'test');
9 end if;
10 end;
11 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
tzxd@webora9> ed
Wrote file aaa.sql
declare
v_dummy number(1);
begin
select count(*) into v_dummy from t where t1 = 1 for update;
if v_dummy = 1 then
dbms_output.put_line('value 1 of t1 is exists ');
else
insert into t values(1,'test');
end if;
end;
/
1 declare
2 v_dummy number(1);
3 begin
4 select count(*) into v_dummy from t where t1 = 1 for update;
5 if v_dummy = 1 then
6 dbms_output.put_line('value 1 of t1 is exists ');
7 else
8 insert into t values(1,'test');
9 end if;
10* end;
tzxd@webora9> /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
tzxd@webora9> select * from t;
T1 T2
---------- --------------------
1 test