这是一个通用的问题,很多业务场景下都存在,例如取出价格最贵的那个商品,取出最新的价格、等等
这类问题可以归为,如何将分组中最大值所在的行取出来
假设我们有一张表存储着”供应商ID_商品ID_采购价格_采购时间“四列信息,其中供应商ID_商品ID为联合主键
要求:对于某个商品,取出最近一次采购的价格?
错误作法:
select supplier_id , product_id , last_price , max(last_time)
from table
where product_id = 12345 group by product_id
错误原因:存在group by子句时,在select列表中出现的列只能是group by子句中提到的列,或者是使用了聚集函数的列,所以这句SQL中取到的supplier_id和last_price都可能是错的
正确作法:
select t1.supplier_id , t1.product_id , t1.last_price , t1.last_time
from table t1
where t1. product_id = 123456 and
t1.last_time = ( select max(t2.last_time) from table t2 where t1.product_id = t2.product_id)
或者:
select t1.supplier_id , t1.product_id , t1.last_price , t1.last_time
from table t1
left join table t2
on t1.product_id = t2.product_id and t1.last_time < t2.last_time
where t2.product_id is null;
再或者:
select t1.supplier_id , t1.product_id , t1.last_price , t1.last_time
from table t1
join (
select product_id , max(last_time) max_last_time
from table
group by product_id ) as t2
on t1.product_id = t2.product_id and t1.last_time = t2.max_last_time;