跟以前的文章一样,还是先来一个例子。
public class ThreadLocalDemo implements Runnable {
//创建线程局部变量studentLocal,在后面你会发现用来保存Student对象
private final static ThreadLocal<Student> studentLocal = new ThreadLocal<Student> ();
public static void main(String[] agrs) {
ThreadLocalDemo td = new ThreadLocalDemo();
Thread t1 = new Thread(td, "a");
Thread t2 = new Thread(td, "b");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
public void run() {
accessStudent();
}
/**
* 示例业务方法,用来测试
*/
public void accessStudent() {
//获取当前线程的名字
String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println(currentThreadName + " is running!");
//产生一个随机数并打印
Random random = new Random();
int age = random.nextInt(100);
System.out.println("thread " + currentThreadName + " set age to:" + age);
//获取一个Student对象,并将随机数年龄插入到对象属性中
Student student = getStudent();
student.setAge(age);
System.out.println("thread " + currentThreadName + " first read age is:" + student.getAge());
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
}
catch (InterruptedException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("thread " + currentThreadName + " second read age is:" + student.getAge());
}
protected Student getStudent() {
//获取本地线程变量并强制转换为Student类型
Student student = (Student) studentLocal.get();
//线程首次执行此方法的时候,studentLocal.get()肯定为null
if (student == null) {
//创建一个Student对象,并保存到本地线程变量studentLocal中
student = new Student();
studentLocal.set(student);
}
return student;
}
}
public class Student {
private int age = 0; //年龄
public int getAge() {
return this.age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
结果:
写道
a is running!
b is running!
thread b set age to:35
thread a set age to:69
thread b first read age is:35
thread a first read age is:69
thread a second read age is:69
thread b second read age is:35
b is running!
thread b set age to:35
thread a set age to:69
thread b first read age is:35
thread a first read age is:69
thread a second read age is:69
thread b second read age is:35
结论:ThreadLocal用于解决线程之间数据隔离问题。Synchronized使用同步的方式解决数据的共享。