大家知道tomcat5.0开始,对网页的中文字符的post或者get,经常会出现乱码现象。
具体是因为Tomcat默认是按ISO-8859-1进行URL解码,ISO-8859-1并未包括中文字符,这样的话中文字符肯定就不能被正确解析了。
常见的解决方法是在tomcat的server.xml下的connetor属性中增加URIEncoding或者useBodyEncodingForURI属性。
但是,这两种方式有什么区别呢?
我简单谈一下自己的理解:
按照tomcat-docs/config/http.html文档的说明
URIEncoding:This specifies the character encoding used to decode the URI bytes, after %xx decoding the URL. If not specified, ISO-8859-1 will be used.
useBodyEncodingForURI:This specifies if the encoding specified in contentType should be used for URI query parameters, instead of using the URIEncoding.
也就是说,
useBodyEncodingForURI参数表示是否用request.setCharacterEncoding
参数对URL提交的数据和表单中GET方式提交的数据进行重新编码,在默认情况下,该参数为false。
URIEncoding参数指定对所有GET方式请求进行统一的重新编码(解码)的编码。
URIEncoding和useBodyEncodingForURI区别是,
URIEncoding是对所有GET方式的请求的数据进行统一的重新编码,
而useBodyEncodingForURI则是根据响应该请求的页面的request.setCharacterEncoding参数对数据进行的重新编码,不同的页面可以有不同的重新编码的编码
再详细点的======================================================================================================
本文章会从tomcat的源码角度来解析Tomcat的两个参数设置URIEncoding和useBodyEncodingForURI。
对于一个请求,常用的有两种编码方式,如下:
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta charset="utf-8" />
- <title></title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form action="http://127.0.0.1:8080/string?name=中国" method="post">
- <input type="text" name="user" value="张三"/>
- <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
首先说说结论:
上述请求有两处含有中文,一处是请求参数中,即?name='中国',另一处是请求体中,即user='张三'。对于这两处tomcat7是分两种编码方式的。URIEncoding就是针对请求参数的编码设置的,而filter的request.setCharacterEncoding('UTF-8')或者请求header中的content-type中的编码都是针对请求体的。不要把他们搞混了。
useBodyEncodingForURI=true是说,请求参数的编码方式要采用请求体的编码方式。当useBodyEncodingForURI=true时,若请求体采用utf-8解析,则请求参数也要采用utf-8来解析。这两个属性值的设置在tomcat的conf/server.xml文件中配置,如下:
- <Service name="Catalina">
- <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
- <!--
- <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
- maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
- -->
- <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
- and responses are returned. Documentation at :
- Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)
- Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
- APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
- Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
- -->
- <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
- connectionTimeout="20000"
- redirectPort="8443" useBodyEncodingForURI='true' URIEncoding='UTF-8' />
- <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
这样写只是说明这两者的配置位置,并不是两个属性要同时配置,不要理解错了。
继续说说CharacterEncodingFilter的作用。
使用方式,将如下代码加入web.xml文件中:
- <filter>
- <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
- <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>encoding</param-name>
- <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
- <param-value>true</param-value>
- </init-param>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
作用是,当forceEncoding为false的前提下(默认为false),当request没有指定content-type或content-type不含编码时,该filter将会为这个request设定请求体的编码为filter的encoding值。
当forceEncoding为true的前提下,就会为request的请求体和response都设定为这个filter的encoding值。
CharacterEncodingFilter源码如下:
- public class CharacterEncodingFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
- private String encoding;
- private boolean forceEncoding = false;
- /**
- * Set the encoding to use for requests. This encoding will be passed into a
- * {@link javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest#setCharacterEncoding} call.
- * <p>Whether this encoding will override existing request encodings
- * (and whether it will be applied as default response encoding as well)
- * depends on the {@link #setForceEncoding "forceEncoding"} flag.
- */
- public void setEncoding(String encoding) {
- this.encoding = encoding;
- }
- /**
- * Set whether the configured {@link #setEncoding encoding} of this filter
- * is supposed to override existing request and response encodings.
- * <p>Default is "false", i.e. do not modify the encoding if
- * {@link javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest#getCharacterEncoding()}
- * returns a non-null value. Switch this to "true" to enforce the specified
- * encoding in any case, applying it as default response encoding as well.
- * <p>Note that the response encoding will only be set on Servlet 2.4+
- * containers, since Servlet 2.3 did not provide a facility for setting
- * a default response encoding.
- */
- public void setForceEncoding(boolean forceEncoding) {
- this.forceEncoding = forceEncoding;
- }
- @Override
- protected void doFilterInternal(
- HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- if (this.encoding != null && (this.forceEncoding || request.getCharacterEncoding() == null)) {
- request.setCharacterEncoding(this.encoding);
- if (this.forceEncoding) {
- response.setCharacterEncoding(this.encoding);
- }
- }
- filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
- }
- }
这个filter有两个属性,encoding和forceEncoding,我们可以在web.xml文件中来设定这两个属性值。
每次request请求到来执行方法doFilterInternal,首先调用request.getCharacterEncoding(),本质就是从请求header content-type中获取编码值,如果没有,则调用request.setCharacterEncoding(this.encoding)将该filter的encoding值设置为请求体的编码方式,记住该编码方式只对请求体,不针对请求参数。当forceEncoding=true时,不管请求header content-type有没有编码方式,始终将该filter的encoding值设置到request和response中,同样只针对request的请求体。