启发测试策略模型

<shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">启发测试策略模型</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">陈能技</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">2007-8-12</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">原文:</span><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" style='FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA'>Heuristic Test Strategy Model - </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">James Bach</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个测试策略启发模型是测试策略的设计模式的子集。目的是提醒测试员在创建测试时应该考虑什么东西。最终目的是为了专业测试员能否对它进行个性化和使用在对话讨论中,自我指导学习和更充分的有意识的测试。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><img alt="" src="https://p-blog.csdn.net/images/p_blog_csdn_net/Testing_is_believing/test%20plan%20modal.JPG"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"><stroke joinstyle="miter"></stroke><formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></f><f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></f><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></f><f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></f><f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></f></formulas><path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"></path><lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"></lock></shapetype><shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="WIDTH: 414.75pt; HEIGHT: 263.25pt" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata src="file:///E:/DOCUME~1/cnj/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_image001.wmz" o:title=""></imagedata></shape></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Project Environment </span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">项目环境</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">包括资源、约束、项目中促使我们进行测试并且妨碍我们做好测试工作的其它力量。确保充分利用你拥有的资源,同时考虑你的约束。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Product Elements </span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">产品元素</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">产品元素是你打算要测试的东西。软件是一个复杂和不可见的东西,所以你要小心地确保你确实检查了产品的所有需要检查的东西。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Quality Criteria </span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">质量标准</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">质量标准是作为测试员需要用来判定产品是否存在问题的规则、价值和来源。质量标准是多面的,通常是隐藏的或自相矛盾的。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Test Techniques </span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">测试方法</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">测试方法是用于创建测试的策略。所有的方法都包含某种对项目环境、产品元素和质量标准的分析在里面。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Perceived Quality </span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">预期的质量</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">预期的质量是测试的结果。你永远也不知道软件产品的真正质量,但是通过各种各样的测试的应用,你能得到一定的评估。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style='FONT-FAMILY: "Arial Black"; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt'>General Test Techniques </span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Arial Black'">普通测试方法</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style='FONT-FAMILY: "Arial Black"; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt'><p></p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Function Testing 功能测试<p></p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">测试你能测试的东西<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">识别出产品能做的事情(功能和子功能)。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">决定你是通过什么知道一个功能能工作。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">测试每个功能,每次测试其中一个。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">确保每个功能做了它应该做的事情,并且没有做它不应该做的事情。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Domain Testing </span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">范围测试</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在数据上做文章<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">查找产品处理的任何数据。在查看输入的同时要看输出。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">决定要测试那些数据。考虑边界值、特殊字符、合适的值、不正确的值或有代表性的值。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">考虑组合数据在一起进行数据。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align="left"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Stress Testing </span></strong><strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">压力测试</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #010000; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">对产品施加压力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">看哪些功能或子系统在大数据量或限制资源的情况下会崩溃<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">识别出跟这些子系统和功能相关的数据量和资源<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">选择或产生大数据量或创造资源限制条件,例如:大而复杂的数据结构、高负载、长时间运行、施加大量测试用例、低内存等<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Flow Testing </span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">流程测试</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一个接着一个来做<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">定义测试用例或顶层用例用于覆盖活动与活动之间的流程<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在测试过程中不要重启系统<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">改变时间或顺序,并尝试并发线程<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Scenario Testing </span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">场景测试</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为完成某个系统与用户之间的故事而测试</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">1、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开始之前先考虑产品要发生的所有事情</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">2、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计各种测试,包含有意义的、复杂的与系统的交互</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">3、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一个好的测试场景是一个吸引人的故事,讲述某人做了某些与系统相关的事情</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Claims Testing </span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">需求测试</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">检查每个需求的满足程度</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">1、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">识别相关材料中指出的关于产品的各种要求(明示的或暗示的)。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">2、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析各种需求并澄清隐晦的需求。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">3、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">检查每个关于产品的需求都成立。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">4、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果你基于一个明确的需求规格说明来测试,检查产品与其是否一致。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">User Testing </span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">用户测试</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">引入用户</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">1、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">识别和对用户角色进行分类。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">2、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">确定每个角色会执行哪些用例,怎样执行,对他们产生怎样的价值。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">3、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">获取真实的用户数据,或者把真正的用户引入测试中来。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">4、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">否则,系统地模拟一个用户(把自己想象成用户)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">5、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有效的用户测试是包含各种用户和各种角色,而不仅仅是一个。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Risk Testing </span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">风险测试</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">想象它有问题,然后去找出来</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">1、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个产品可能会有哪些类型的问题?</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">2、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">哪种问题是最关键的,专注于这些问题。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">3、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果问题存在,你怎样找出来。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">4、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">列个关于这些有趣问题的清单,然后设计相关的测试来揭露这些问题。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">5、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">请教专家、查阅设计文档、过往的</span><span lang="EN-US">bug</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">报告,或应用风险启发,都有可能帮助你揭露这些问题。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Automatic Testing </span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">自动化测试</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">运行一万个不同的测试</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">1、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">寻找自动产生很多测试的机会</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">2、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开发一个自动化的、快速进化的机制</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">3、<span style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">编写一个程序来产生、执行和评价测试</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style='FONT-FAMILY: "Arial Black"; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt'>Project Environment </span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Arial Black'">项目环境</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings-Regular; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span></p></shapetype>
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