先看一下下面的错误代码,对写加了synchronized控制,保证了写的安全,但是问题在哪里呢?
public class testTh7 {
private String data;
public String read(){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "read data " + data);
return this.data;
}
public synchronized void write(String data){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " === write data " + data);
this.data = data;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final testTh7 t = new testTh7();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Double d = Math.random();
t.write(d.toString());
}
}).start();
} else {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
t.read();
}
}).start();
}
}
}
}
程序的前部分输出结果如下:
Thread-1read data null
Thread-0 === write data 0.8429852467390618
Thread-2 === write data 0.3111022600208211
Thread-3read data 0.3111022600208211
Thread-4 === write data 0.13391602356879362
Thread-5read data 0.13391602356879362
Thread-8 === write data 0.3014059888796128
Thread-6 === write data 0.7073336550466512
Thread-7read data 0.7073336550466512
Thread-9read data 0.7073336550466512
Thread-10 === write data 0.3157260014049781
Thread-11read data 0.3157260014049781
Thread-15read data 0.3157260014049781
Thread-14 === write data 0.9981422731405993
Thread-16 === write data 0.9011910270245219
Thread-12 === write data 0.34975057489898076
Thread-13read data 0.34975057489898076
Thread-17read data 0.34975057489898076
Thread-18 === write data 0.19089943846264656
Thread-19read data 0.19089943846264656
Thread-21read data 0.19089943846264656
Thread-20 === write data 0.38498810226852065
Thread-22 === write data 0.29234432278529343
Thread-23read data 0.29234432278529343
Thread-27read data 0.29234432278529343
Thread-24 === write data 0.28981062022967496
Thread-29read data 0.28981062022967496
Thread-28 === write data 0.1022791336198855
Thread-26 === write data 0.15466728987586276
Thread-25read data 0.15466728987586276
Thread-31read data 0.15466728987586276
Thread-32 === write data 0.13431233603464776
Thread-33read data 0.13431233603464776
Thread-35read data 0.13431233603464776
Thread-38 === write data 0.33289010029186195
Thread-37read data 0.13431233603464776
Thread-34 === write data 0.5545937895404677
Thread-30 === write data 0.9567137584265717
Thread-36 === write data 0.6461050880921616
可以看到Thread-37这行读取的数据已经不正确了,读取的上一次的旧数据,这不是线程安全的缓存设计。首先确认一下原则,只能有一个线程写操作,可以多个线程并发读,但是写时不能读,读时候不能写。
解决办法有多种,可以使用信号量,使用两个信号量,一个是读写的信号量,还有个是写的信号量,如果简单一点,也可以使用java已经封装的读写锁,代码如下,可以自己测试。
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
public class testReadWrite {
private String data = null;
private ReentrantReadWriteLock rw = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
public void read() {
rw.readLock().lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " read data!");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "read data " + data);
rw.readLock().unlock();
}
public void write(String data) {
rw.writeLock().lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " ===write data!");
this.data = data;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " ===write data: " + data);
rw.writeLock().unlock();
}
}