Linux内核源代码分析——vmstat核心代码注释

一次和圈子里的朋友群聊的时候，谈到了vmstat的实现机制。我当时正在轻轨上，幻想着从轻轨飞下去的快感。在轻轨上我发表了自己的一些看法，不过都是意淫。

现在，已经过去半周了，今天终于闲下来把vmstat的源代码翻出来。vmstat其实只是一个简单的统计显示工具，早期NetBSD版本的vmstat实现总共才不到1500行。所以，也不用期望本文会有多么高深。

完整的源文件（加注释）在附件中。（到现在为止，CSDN的blog似乎还没有上传附件的功能）

函数调用栈如下：

核心的代码段如下：

		fill_vmmeter(&sum);												//vm信息获取
		fill_vmtotal(&total);											//vm信息汇总
		(void)printf("%2d %1d %1d",
		    total.t_rq - 1, total.t_dw + total.t_pw, total.t_sw);//显示t_rq，t_dw，t_sw三个值
#define vmstat_pgtok(a) ((a) * (sum.v_page_size >> 10))
#define	rate(x)	(((x) + halfuptime) / uptime)	/* round */
		if (hflag) {													//如果设置了hflag
			printf(" ");
			prthuman(total.t_avm * (u_int64_t)sum.v_page_size, 7);	//使用humanize_number格式显示v_page_size
			printf(" ");
			prthuman(total.t_free * (u_int64_t)sum.v_page_size, 6);		
			printf(" ");
		} else {
			printf(" %7d ", vmstat_pgtok(total.t_avm));	//使用一般格式显示t_avm
			printf(" %6d ", vmstat_pgtok(total.t_free));
		}
		(void)printf("%5lu ",
		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_vm_faults - osum.v_vm_faults));//显示vm错误比率
		(void)printf("%3lu ",
		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_reactivated - osum.v_reactivated));//显示v_reactivated比值
		(void)printf("%3lu ",
		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_swapin + sum.v_vnodein -
		    (osum.v_swapin + osum.v_vnodein)));//显示v_swapin比值
		(void)printf("%3lu ",
		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_swapout + sum.v_vnodeout -
		    (osum.v_swapout + osum.v_vnodeout)));//显示v_vnodeout比值
		(void)printf("%5lu ",
		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_tfree - osum.v_tfree));//显示v_tfree比值
		(void)printf("%3lu ",
		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_pdpages - osum.v_pdpages));//显示v_pdpages比值
		devstats();
		(void)printf("%4lu %4lu %4lu",
		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_intr - osum.v_intr),//显示v_intr比值
		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_syscall - osum.v_syscall),//显示v_syscall比值
		    (unsigned long)rate(sum.v_swtch - osum.v_swtch));	//显示v_swtch比值
		if (Pflag)
			pcpustats(ncpus, cpumask, maxid);
		else
			cpustats();	//这里会显示CPU的user时间、sys时间、Idle时间——百分比格式
		(void)printf("\n");
		(void)fflush(stdout);
		if (reps >= 0 && --reps <= 0)
			break;
		osum = sum;
		uptime = interval;
		/*
		 * We round upward to avoid losing low-frequency events
		 * (i.e., >= 1 per interval but < 1 per second).
		 */
		if (interval != 1)
			halfuptime = (uptime + 1) / 2;
		else
			halfuptime = 0;
		(void)sleep(interval);//睡眠inteval长的时间