DaoFactory的设计

本打算在网上找一些资源的，可是发现大多数人都是用的hibernate，对于DaoFacotry并不需要过多的考虑。

后来突然想到个办法，干脆直接去看Hibernate的代码，看看它是怎么设计DaoFactory的。 结果却在Hibernate官网上看到了一篇关于数据持久层的文章，觉得对我的设计应该还是有帮助的。

原文地址：https://www.hibernate.org/328.html

有关Dao接口的设计：

public interface GenericDAO<T, ID extends Serializable> {

    T findById(ID id, boolean lock);

    List<T> findAll();

    List<T> findByExample(T exampleInstance);

    T makePersistent(T entity);

    void makeTransient(T entity);
}

这样的设计号称是面向状态的数据库持久层的标准模式，原话这样讲的：
You can already see that this is going to be a pattern for a state-oriented data access API, with methods such as makePersistent() and makeTransient(). Furthermore, to implement a DAO you have to provide a type and an identifier argument. As for most ORM solutions, identifier types have to be serializable.


接下来是添加实体DAO接口：

public interface ItemDAO extends GenericDAO<Item, Long> {

    public static final String QUERY_MAXBID = "ItemDAO.QUERY_MAXBID";
    public static final String QUERY_MINBID = "ItemDAO.QUERY_MINBID";

    Bid getMaxBid(Long itemId);
    Bid getMinBid(Long itemId);

}

其实对于Hibernate来说，因为HQL的引入，实体Dao接口并不是必须的。而如果不使用Hibernate，那么其实最好是加入实体Dao接口，以便将来对于其它数据库的支持。

Hibernate中对于BaseDao接口的实现方法：

public abstract class GenericHibernateDAO<T, ID extends Serializable>
        implements GenericDAO<T, ID> {

    private Class<T> persistentClass;
    private Session session;

    public GenericHibernateDAO() {
        this.persistentClass = (Class<T>) ((ParameterizedType) getClass()
                                .getGenericSuperclass()).getActualTypeArguments()[0];
     }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public void setSession(Session s) {
        this.session = s;
    }

    protected Session getSession() {
        if (session == null)
            throw new IllegalStateException("Session has not been set on DAO before usage");
        return session;
    }

    public Class<T> getPersistentClass() {
        return persistentClass;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public T findById(ID id, boolean lock) {
        T entity;
        if (lock)
            entity = (T) getSession().load(getPersistentClass(), id, LockMode.UPGRADE);
        else
            entity = (T) getSession().load(getPersistentClass(), id);

        return entity;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public List<T> findAll() {
        return findByCriteria();
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public List<T> findByExample(T exampleInstance, String[] excludeProperty) {
        Criteria crit = getSession().createCriteria(getPersistentClass());
        Example example =  Example.create(exampleInstance);
        for (String exclude : excludeProperty) {
            example.excludeProperty(exclude);
        }
        crit.add(example);
        return crit.list();
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public T makePersistent(T entity) {
        getSession().saveOrUpdate(entity);
        return entity;
    }

    public void makeTransient(T entity) {
        getSession().delete(entity);
    }

    public void flush() {
        getSession().flush();
    }

    public void clear() {
        getSession().clear();
    }

    /**
     * Use this inside subclasses as a convenience method.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    protected List<T> findByCriteria(Criterion... criterion) {
        Criteria crit = getSession().createCriteria(getPersistentClass());
        for (Criterion c : criterion) {
            crit.add(c);
        }
        return crit.list();
   }

}

这里我们需要关心下，究竟如何注入Session，是用setter方法，还是在构造函数中注入。你的后台数据库连接的管理方式，决定着哪中方法是最合适的。

接下来就是实体Dao的设计，很简单：

public class ItemDAOHibernate
        extends     GenericHibernateDAO<Item, Long>
        implements  ItemDAO {

    public Bid getMaxBid(Long itemId) {
        Query q = getSession().getNamedQuery(ItemDAO.QUERY_MAXBID);
        q.setParameter("itemid", itemId);
        return (Bid) q.uniqueResult();
    }

    public Bid getMinBid(Long itemId) {
        Query q = getSession().getNamedQuery(ItemDAO.QUERY_MINBID);
        q.setParameter("itemid", itemId);
        return (Bid) q.uniqueResult();
    }

}

具体DaoFactory的实现：

public class HibernateDAOFactory extends DAOFactory {

    public ItemDAO getItemDAO() {
        return (ItemDAO)instantiateDAO(ItemDAOHibernate.class);
    }

    public CategoryDAO getCategoryDAO() {
        return (CategoryDAO)instantiateDAO(CategoryDAOHibernate.class);
    }

    public CommentDAO getCommentDAO() {
        return (CommentDAO)instantiateDAO(CommentDAOHibernate.class);
    }

    public ShipmentDAO getShipmentDAO() {
        return (ShipmentDAO)instantiateDAO(ShipmentDAOHibernate.class);
    }

    private GenericHibernateDAO instantiateDAO(Class daoClass) {
        try {
            GenericHibernateDAO dao = (GenericHibernateDAO)daoClass.newInstance();
            dao.setSession(getCurrentSession());
            return dao;
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Can not instantiate DAO: " + daoClass, ex);
        }
    }

    // You could override this if you don't want HibernateUtil for lookup
    protected Session getCurrentSession() {
        return HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
    }

    // Inline concrete DAO implementations with no business-related data access methods.
    // If we use public static nested classes, we can centralize all of them in one source file.

    public static class CommentDAOHibernate
            extends GenericHibernateDAO<Comment, Long>
            implements CommentDAO {}

    public static class ShipmentDAOHibernate
            extends GenericHibernateDAO<Shipment, Long>
            implements ShipmentDAO {}

}

其实这篇文章还是主要讲怎么在Hibernate里面用做数据持久层，不过也可以从中得到很多借鉴。

因为持久层的设计没有采用Hibernate，遇到挺多问题，包括Object类型的使用，许多的重复代码。 可以考虑下能不能通过反射来解决。