Spring使用@Resource、@Autowired注入时出现空指针问题的原因

Spring使用@Resource、@Autowired注入时出现空指针问题的原因

http://blog.csdn.net/yzj99848873/article/details/45012193

举例说明:

这是一个类,使用了@Component注解,里面有两个依赖注入的属性,使用@Autowired注解.

package cn.yearcon.shop.utils;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;


@Component
public class HttpClientUtil {

    @Autowired
    private CloseableHttpClient httpClient;

    @Autowired
    private RequestConfig config;


    /**
     * 不带参数的get请求，如果状态码为200，则返回body，如果不为200，则返回null
     *
     * @param url
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public String doGet(String url) throws Exception {
        // 声明 http get 请求
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);

        // 装载配置信息
        httpGet.setConfig(config);

        // 发起请求
        CloseableHttpResponse response = this.httpClient.execute(httpGet);

        // 判断状态码是否为200
        if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
            // 返回响应体的内容
            return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 带参数的get请求，如果状态码为200，则返回body，如果不为200，则返回null
     *
     * @param url
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public String doGet(String url, Map<String, Object> map) throws Exception {
        URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(url);

        if (map != null) {
            // 遍历map,拼接请求参数
            for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : map.entrySet()) {
                uriBuilder.setParameter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().toString());
            }
        }

        // 调用不带参数的get请求
        return this.doGet(uriBuilder.build().toString());

    }

    /**
     * 带参数的post请求
     *
     * @param url
     * @param map
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public HttpResult doPost(String url, Map<String, Object> map) throws Exception {
        // 声明httpPost请求
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        // 加入配置信息
        httpPost.setConfig(config);

        // 判断map是否为空，不为空则进行遍历，封装from表单对象
        if (map != null) {
            List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
            for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : map.entrySet()) {
                list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().toString()));
            }
            // 构造from表单对象
            UrlEncodedFormEntity urlEncodedFormEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, "UTF-8");

            // 把表单放到post里
            httpPost.setEntity(urlEncodedFormEntity);
        }

        // 发起请求
        CloseableHttpResponse response = this.httpClient.execute(httpPost);
        return new HttpResult(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), EntityUtils.toString(
                response.getEntity(), "UTF-8"));
    }

    /**
     * 不带参数post请求
     *
     * @param url
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public HttpResult doPost(String url) throws Exception {
        return this.doPost(url, null);
    }
}

现在,我们要使用上面的类,

package cn.yearcon.shop.controller;

import cn.yearcon.shop.utils.HttpClientUtil;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.HashMap;

@RestController
public class Weixin {



    @Value("${weixin.appid}")
    String appid ;
    @Value("${weixin.secret}")
    String secret;
    @Value("${weixin.grant_type}")
    String grant_type;


    @RequestMapping(value = {"shop", ""})
    public String test(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        // 用户同意授权后，能获取到code
        String code = request.getParameter("code");
        System.out.println("===code==" + code);

        String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token";
        HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);

        map.put("appid",appid);
        map.put("secret",secret);
        map.put("grant_type",grant_type);
        map.put("code",code);
        HttpClientUtil httpClientUtil = new HttpClientUtil();
        String body = httpClientUtil.doGet(url, map);

        System.out.println(body);


        return "hello";
    }


}

注意,HttpClientUtil 是我们手动new出来的,不是使用Spring自动装配进来的.

这时候运行就会出现 空指针异常,

追查原因是因为: HTTPclientUtil 类的

    @Autowired
    private CloseableHttpClient httpClient;

    @Autowired
    private RequestConfig config;

这两个属性都是null,也就是没注入进来,既然是空,那调用它们的方法自然会产生空指针异常.

Spring java配置及注解注入方法出现空指针异常的原因

当通过new的方式创建一个对象的时候，虽然期望使用了注解@Autowired对这个对象进行装配，但是Spring是不会这么做的，因为Spring不会对任意一个new 出来的对象进行自动装配，只有这个对象也是一个在Spring中注册过的Bean，才会获得自动装配的功能。

使用Spring注入HttpClientUtil

package cn.yearcon.shop.controller;

import cn.yearcon.shop.utils.HttpClientUtil;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.HashMap;

@RestController
public class Weixin {

    @Autowired
    private HttpClientUtil httpClientUtil;

    @Value("${weixin.appid}")
    String appid ;
    @Value("${weixin.secret}")
    String secret;
    @Value("${weixin.grant_type}")
    String grant_type;


    @RequestMapping(value = {"shop", ""})
    public String test(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        // 用户同意授权后，能获取到code
        String code = request.getParameter("code");
        System.out.println("===code==" + code);

        String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token";
        HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);

        map.put("appid",appid);
        map.put("secret",secret);
        map.put("grant_type",grant_type);
        map.put("code",code);

        String body = httpClientUtil.doGet(url, map);

        System.out.println(body);


        return "hello";
    }


}

这样我们让Spring来给我们注入HttpClientUtil示例,那么它里面的其他使用@Autowired 注解的属性,Spring才会帮助我们都注入进来