黑马程序员_日记12_多线程（二）-CSDN博客

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线程的运行状态

线程的运行状态在这里我们划分为五种状态。
依次为：被创建，运行，冻结，消亡，阻塞。
它们的关系见下图：
线程运行状态及其关系

如上图所示：
- 线程在经初始化被创建后通过start方法被调用，进入了运行状态。
- 线程会因run方法运行结束或者强制终止而消亡。
- 线程会因为sleep进入冻结状态，当时间达到，又转入运行状态。
- 线程还会因为wait而进入冻结状态，因为notify方法而进入运行状态。
- 线程还会因为某些原因进入阻塞状态，再从阻塞状态转入运行状态。

需要注意的地方是：
- 运行是指具备运行资格，并具有执行权；
- 阻塞是指具备运行资格，但没有执行权；
- 冻结是指没有运行资格，但有执行权。

创建线程的第二种方式（Runnable）

下面通过售票的例子来推演创建线程的第二种方式。

需求：简单的卖票程序。多个窗口同时买票。

创建线程的第一种方式

步骤：
1、创建售票线程类，继承Thread
2、覆盖run方法（把需要让线程执行的代码写在run的方法体）
3、创建线程对象，调用start方法

代码1

//建立售票线程类
class TicketThread extends Thread
{
    //私有化票额
    private int ticket =30 ;

    //覆盖run方法
    public void run()
    {
            //建立一个循环售票，当票售完即停止
            while(ticket > 0)
            {
                //打印当前线程对象售出的票号
                System.out.println("Ticket "+ticket+" is saled by "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
                //票号减一
                ticket--;
            }
    }
}

class ThreadDemo3 
{
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    {
        //建立4个售票线程
        TicketThread t1 = new TicketThread();
        TicketThread t2 = new TicketThread();
        TicketThread t3 = new TicketThread();
        TicketThread t4 = new TicketThread();

        //调用start方法，启动4个线程，调用run方法
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
        t4.start();


    }
}

运行结果1

Ticket 30 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 30 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 30 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 30 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 29 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 29 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 29 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 28 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 28 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 29 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 27 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 27 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 28 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 26 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 26 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 28 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 25 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 25 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 27 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 24 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 24 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 27 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 23 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 23 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 26 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 22 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 22 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 21 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 26 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 20 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 21 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 25 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 20 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 19 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 25 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 18 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 19 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 24 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 18 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 17 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 16 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 15 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 14 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 13 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 12 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 11 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 10 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 9 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 8 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 17 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 24 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 23 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 22 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 21 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 20 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 16 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 15 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 14 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 7 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 23 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 22 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 21 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 6 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 13 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 19 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 12 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 11 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 10 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 9 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 8 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 7 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 6 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 5 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 5 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 4 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 3 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 2 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 1 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 20 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 4 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 3 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 2 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 18 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 1 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 19 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 18 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 17 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 16 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 15 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 17 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 16 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 15 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 14 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 13 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 12 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 11 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 10 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 9 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 8 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 14 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 13 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 12 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 11 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 10 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 9 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 7 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 8 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 7 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 6 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 5 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 4 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 6 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 3 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 5 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 2 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 1 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 4 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 3 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 2 is saled by Thread-2

结果显示：1张票被卖了4次。
改正方法：利用static 的共享特点

代码2

//改正后的代码
//建立售票线程类
class TicketThread extends Thread
{
    //私有化票额，并利用static共享票号
    private static int ticket =30 ;

    //覆盖run方法
    public void run()
    {
            //建立一个循环售票，当票售完即停止
            while(ticket > 0)
            {
                //打印当前线程对象售出的票号
                System.out.println("Ticket "+ticket+" is saled by "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
                //票号减一
                ticket--;
            }
    }
}

class ThreadDemo3 
{
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    {
        //建立4个售票线程
        TicketThread t1 = new TicketThread();
        TicketThread t2 = new TicketThread();
        TicketThread t3 = new TicketThread();
        TicketThread t4 = new TicketThread();

        //调用start方法，启动4个线程，调用run方法
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
        t4.start();


    }
}

运行结果2：

Ticket 30 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 30 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 30 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 30 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 27 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 28 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 24 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 29 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 23 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 25 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 20 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 26 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 19 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 21 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 22 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 16 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 17 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 18 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 13 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 14 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 15 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 10 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 11 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 12 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 7 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 8 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 9 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 4 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 5 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 6 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 1 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 2 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 3 is saled by Thread-1

结果仍然会有一张票被卖4次。
原因，由于是多线程运行，当t1调用run方法并执行到打印语句的时候，
其他线程抢占资源，ticket–;并没有执行。

改正方法：把ticket–；融合进打印语句。

小结：run方法里的语句不要太多。

代码3

//改正后的代码
//建立售票线程类
class TicketThread extends Thread
{
    //私有化票额，并利用static共享票号
    private static int ticket =30 ;

    //覆盖run方法
    public void run()
    {
            //建立一个循环售票，当票售完即停止
            while(ticket > 0)
            {
                //打印当前线程对象售出的票号，并立即减少1张票额
                System.out.println("Ticket "+(ticket--)+" is saled by "+Thread.currentThread().getName());

            }
    }
}

class ThreadDemo3 
{
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    {
        //建立4个售票线程
        TicketThread t1 = new TicketThread();
        TicketThread t2 = new TicketThread();
        TicketThread t3 = new TicketThread();
        TicketThread t4 = new TicketThread();

        //调用start方法，启动4个线程，调用run方法
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
        t4.start();


    }
}

运行结果3：

Ticket 29 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 27 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 26 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 25 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 30 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 23 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 22 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 29 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 28 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 20 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 18 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 17 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 21 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 15 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 14 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 13 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 12 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 11 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 24 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 9 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 8 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 7 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 10 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 16 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 19 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 4 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 2 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 1 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 5 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 6 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 3 is saled by Thread-0

现在结果正常了，但是有一个问题。
staitc在内存中呆的时间太长了，不利于资源的利用。

创建线程的第二种方式

通过查阅API发现：
创建线程的另一种方式是声明实现Runnable接口的类

步骤：
1、创建一个类并实现Runnable接口
2、覆盖Runnable中的run方法，把线程的代码存放在run的方法体
3、初始化该类。例如Ticket t =new Ticket();
4、创建线程，并把该类的对象传递给线程。例如：Thread t1 =Thread(t);
这是因为在Thread类中有这么一个构造函数Thread(Runnable target)
5、调用start方法，启动线程并调用run方法。

代码

//创建线程的另一种方式，声明实现Runnable接口的类Ticket
class Ticket implements Runnable
{
    //私有化票额，因为接口是共享的，所以不需要static修饰，提高了效率
    private  int ticket =30 ;

    //覆盖Runanble接口的run方法，把线程执行的代码存入
    public void run()
    {
            //建立一个循环售票，当票售完即停止
            while(ticket > 0)
            {
                //打印当前线程对象售出的票号，并立即减少1张票额
                System.out.println("Ticket "+(ticket--)+" is saled by "+Thread.currentThread().getName());

            }
    }
}

class ThreadDemo3 
{
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    {
        //创建一个Ticket对象，注意这里和第一种创建线程方法的不同。
        //这里创建的是票的对象，第一种方法，创建的是售票线程的对象。
        //在这里就共享了票额。
        Ticket t =new Ticket();

        //利用构造函数Thread(Runnable target)创建4个售票线程
        //这里利用了多态的形式，建立了接口的引用
        Thread t1 = new Thread(t);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(t);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(t);
        Thread t4 = new Thread(t);

        //调用start方法，启动线程并调用run方法，开始售票
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
        t4.start();

    }
}

运行结果：

Ticket 30 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 27 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 28 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 29 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 24 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 25 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 26 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 20 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 21 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 22 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 17 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 16 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 23 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 15 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 18 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 12 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 19 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 11 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 13 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 14 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 7 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 8 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 9 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 10 is saled by Thread-2
Ticket 4 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 5 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 6 is saled by Thread-0
Ticket 1 is saled by Thread-1
Ticket 2 is saled by Thread-3
Ticket 3 is saled by Thread-2