python 自定义JSON Encoder_json.encoder.jsonencoder object at 0x0000026d40e1b-CSDN博客

当尝试使用`json.dumps`方法序列化包含自定义类实例的对象时，会遇到TypeError，因为默认的JSONEncoder无法处理这类对象。为解决此问题，需要创建一个继承自`json.JSONEncoder`的子类，并重写`default`方法，将自定义类实例转换为可序列化的格式，如字符串。示例中展示了如何处理`A`类实例并成功序列化为JSON。

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如果用 json.dumps 一个自定义的类，json自带的编码器是无法解析的

import json
class A:
    def __init__(self, a):
        self.a = a
    def __repr__(self):
        return str(self.a)

foo = {'a': 666, 'b': A(666)}
json.dumps(foo)

报错如下

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-62-2f54880486cb> in <module>()
      7 
      8 foo = {'a': 666, 'b': A(666)}
----> 9 json.dumps(foo)

D:\ProgramFilesNoSpace\Miniconda3\envs\py36\lib\json\__init__.py in dumps(obj, skipkeys, ensure_ascii, check_circular, allow_nan, cls, indent, separators, default, sort_keys, **kw)
    229         cls is None and indent is None and separators is None and
    230         default is None and not sort_keys and not kw):
--> 231         return _default_encoder.encode(obj)
    232     if cls is None:
    233         cls = JSONEncoder

D:\ProgramFilesNoSpace\Miniconda3\envs\py36\lib\json\encoder.py in encode(self, o)
    197         # exceptions aren't as detailed.  The list call should be roughly
    198         # equivalent to the PySequence_Fast that ''.join() would do.
--> 199         chunks = self.iterencode(o, _one_shot=True)
    200         if not isinstance(chunks, (list, tuple)):
    201             chunks = list(chunks)

D:\ProgramFilesNoSpace\Miniconda3\envs\py36\lib\json\encoder.py in iterencode(self, o, _one_shot)
    255                 self.key_separator, self.item_separator, self.sort_keys,
    256                 self.skipkeys, _one_shot)
--> 257         return _iterencode(o, 0)
    258 
    259 def _make_iterencode(markers, _default, _encoder, _indent, _floatstr,

D:\ProgramFilesNoSpace\Miniconda3\envs\py36\lib\json\encoder.py in default(self, o)
    178         """
    179         raise TypeError("Object of type '%s' is not JSON serializable" %
--> 180                         o.__class__.__name__)
    181 
    182     def encode(self, o):

TypeError: Object of type 'A' is not JSON serializable

这时就需要继承 json.JSONEncoder，重载 default 方法

class MyJsonEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, o):
        if isinstance(o, A):
            return str(o)
        return super().default(self, o)

json.dumps(foo, cls=MyJsonEncoder)