vector的使用

创建vector对象的方式

#include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<assert.h>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
struct A
{
	A(int a = 1)
		:_a(a)
	{}
	int _a = 1;
};
void test()
{
	//空vector
	vector<int> v1;
	vector<char> v2;
	vector<A> v3;
	//vector(n,value)
	//内置类型，缺省的值为0
	//int:0
	//char:\0
	//float/double:0.0
	//指针:nullptr
	vector<int> v4(5);
	vector<char> v5(5);
	vector<int*> v6(6);
	vector<float> v7(5);
	//vector<自定义类型>变量名(num,构造函数(参数)
	//自定义类型：缺省值为默认构造创建的对象
	vector<A>v8(5);
	vector<A>v9(5, A(10));
	int arr[] = { 1,2,3 };
	vector<int>v10(arr,arr+sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]));
	string str("12345");
	vector<char>v11(str.begin(), str.end());
};
int main()
{
	test();
	return 0;
}

迭代器的使用

#include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<assert.h>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
void test()
{
	string str("12345");
	vector<char>v(str.begin(), str.end());
	vector<char>::iterator it = v.begin();//迭代器
	//vector<char>::const_iterator it = v.begin();只读迭代器
	int idx = 0;
	while (it != v.end())
	{
		cout << *it << " ";//迭代器和指针类似
		*it = 'a' + idx;
		++it;
		idx++;
	}
	cout << endl;
	vector<char>::reverse_iterator rit = v.rbegin();//反向迭代器
	while (rit != v.rend())
	{
		cout << *rit << " ";
		++rit;
	}
}
int main()
{
	test();
	return 0;
}

空间增长接口

#include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<assert.h>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
struct A
{
	int _a; 
	char _c;
	double _b;
	int* _p;
};
void test()
{
	vector<char>v1;
	vector<int>v2;
	vector<int*>v3;
	vector<double>v4;
	vector<A>v5;
	cout << v1.max_size() << endl;
	cout << v2.max_size() << endl;
	cout << v3.max_size() << endl;
	cout << v4.max_size() << endl;
	cout << v5.max_size() << endl;
	cout << v1.size() << endl;
	cout << v2.size() << endl;
	cout << v3.size() << endl;
	cout << v4.size() << endl;
	cout << v5.size() << endl;
	cout << v1.capacity() << endl;
	cout << v2.capacity() << endl;
	cout << v3.capacity() << endl;
	cout << v4.capacity() << endl;
	cout << v5.capacity() << endl;
}
int main()
{
	test();
	return 0;
}

resize接口
如果size大于容量，容量的值也会更改

	v1.resize(10);
	v2.resize(3);
	v5.resize(4);

reserve接口

	v3.reserve(5);
	v4.reserve(2);

shrink_to_fit接口

	v1.resize(10);
	v2.resize(5);
	v5.resize(4);
	v3.reserve(5);
	v4.reserve(2);
	v2.reserve(10);
	v2.shrink_to_fit();

将v2的容量与size大小匹配。
遍历接口

#include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<assert.h>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
void test()
{
	string str = "123456";
	vector<char>v(str.begin(), str.end());
	for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
	{
		cout << v.operator[](i) << " ";
		v.operator[](i) = i + 'a';
		cout << v[i] << " ";//简写形式
	}
}
int main()
{
	test();
	return 0;
}

at、front、back接口

#include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<assert.h>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
void test()
{
	string str = "123456";
	vector<char>v(str.begin(), str.end());
	for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
	{
		cout << v.operator[](i) << " "<<endl;
	}
	cout<<v.at(1)<<endl;
	cout << v.front() << endl;
	cout << v.back() << endl;
}
int main()
{
	test();
	return 0;
}

data接口
返回v的地址

char* ptr = v.data();

assign接口
赋值操作

#include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<assert.h>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
void test()
{
	string str = "123456";
	vector<char>v(str.begin(), str.end());//123456
	v.assign(5, 'a');//aaaaa
	string str2("abcdeg");
	v.assign(str2.begin(), str2.end());//abcdeg
}
int main()
{
	test();
	return 0;
}

push_back、pop_back接口
尾插尾删操作

void test()
{
	string str = "123456";
	vector<char>v(str.begin(), str.end());
	v.assign(5, 'a');
	string str2("abcdeg");
	v.assign(str2.begin(), str2.end());
	v.push_back('1');//abcdeg1
	v.push_back('2');//abcdeg12
	v.pop_back();//abcdeg1
}

insert接口
插入操作

void test()
{
	string str = "123456";
	vector<char>v(str.begin(), str.end());
	v.assign(5, 'a');
	string str2("abcdeg");
	v.assign(str2.begin(), str2.end());
	v.push_back('1');
	v.push_back('2');
	v.pop_back();
	v.insert(v.begin(), '3');//3abcdeg1
	v.insert(--v.end(), 5, 'a');//3abcdegaaaaa1
	v.insert(++v.begin(), str2.begin(), str2.end());//3abcdegabcdegaaaaa1
}

void test()
{
	vector<A> v;
	A a1(1,1);
	v.push_back(a1);
	v.emplace_back(2,2);//只需要传构造函数需要的参数，接口内部直接创建对象
}

void test()
{
	vector<A> v;
	A a1(1,1);
	v.push_back(a1);
	v.emplace_back(2,2);//只需要传构造函数需要的参数，接口内部直接创建对象
	v.insert(v.begin(), A(2, 3));
	v.emplace(v.begin(), 5, 6);
}

erase接口
删除操作

void test()
{
	string str = "123456";
	vector<char>v(str.begin(), str.end());
	v.assign(5, 'a');
	string str2("abcdeg");
	v.assign(str2.begin(), str2.end());
	v.push_back('1');
	v.push_back('2');
	v.pop_back();
	v.erase(v.begin());//bcdeg1
	v.erase(++v.begin(), --v.end());//b1;左闭右开
}

vector的增容

#include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<assert.h>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
void test()
{
	vector<int>v;
	size_t c = v.capacity();
	cout << c << endl;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < 200; i++)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
		if(c != v.capacity())
		{
			c = v.capacity();
			cout << c << endl;
		}
	}
}
int main()
{
	test();
	return 0;
}

迭代器失效的一些情况

void test1()
{
	vector<int>v(3, 10);
	vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin();
	cout << *it << endl;
	v.push_back(4);
	//cout << *it << endl;
	//错误，迭代器失效，此时迭代器指向的空间已被释放，指向的位置是非法的位置，如果增容了迭代器就会失效。
	//resize，reserve，push_back，insert，emplace，emplace_back等操作都有可能造成迭代器失效
	it = v.begin();
	cout << *it << endl;
	v.erase(it);
	//迭代器失效，迭代器指向的位置发生了变化
	//cout << *it << endl;
}

迭代器失效解决办法：在使用前，对迭代器重新赋值即可。