Composite-element映射非常类似于一对多的关系映射,配置Composite-element映射,可以实现简单的一对多关系。
本例中有一个团队(team)和成员(teammembers)表,每一个team都可以拥有多个teammembers,使用Composite-element映射能够完成这种需求。
建立两个相关的数据库表:
create table team(
id int(11) not null auto_increment,
name varchar(50) default null,
primary key(id)
)engine=innodb default charset=gbk;
create table teammembers(
team_id int(11) default null,
name varchar(20) default null,
age int(3) default null,
teamrole varchar(20) default null
)engine=innodb default charset=gbk;
建立实体类Team.java:
package collect.composite_element;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class Team implements java.io.Serializable {
// Fields
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Map memebers=new HashMap();
// Constructors
/** default constructor */
public Team() {
}
/** full constructor */
public Team(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
// Property accessors
public Integer getId() {
return this.id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Map getMemebers() {
return memebers;
}
public void setMemebers(Map memebers) {
this.memebers = memebers;
}
}
建立团队成员的实体类Member.java:
package collect.composite_element;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Member {
private String id;
private String name;
private Team team;
private String age;
public String getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Team getTeam() {
return team;
}
public void setTeam(Team team) {
this.team = team;
}
}
建立一个映射文件Team.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!--
Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools
-->
<hibernate-mapping>
<import class="collect.composite_element.Member" />
<class name="collect.composite_element.Team" table="team"
catalog="ssh">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="id" />
<generator class="native" />
</id>
<property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="name" length="50" />
</property>
<map name="memebers" table="teammembers">
<key column="team_id"></key>
<map-key column="teamrole" type="java.lang.String"></map-key>
<composite-element class="collect.composite_element.Member">
<parent name="team" />
<property name="name" />
<property name="age"></property>
</composite-element>
</map>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
“design”视图:
(注:双击所有目录节点项,都会弹出”Properties”窗口,用来设置相应属性;在单击目录节点后,在右侧的属性设置窗口也可进行相应属性的设置,非常方便)
注解:映射文件中导入(import)了Member类,使用了map集合映射,key指定了对应的key为team_id,map-key则指定了Map集合元素的索引,这里是teamrole,即团队角色(这里假定角色不能重复,即key值唯一)。通过上面“design”视图,可以清楚地看到各属性层联关系。
使用composite-element元素(嵌于<map>标签内)将Map集合中的每个元素映射给teammember的相应字段,这里映射了Member实体类。
<parent>
子元素,用来表明composite-element类中的一个属性是指向包含它的实体的引用。如果在Member类中不去定义Team类型属性team及相应setter方法,运行时会出现异常:
Exception in thread "main"org.hibernate.PropertyNotFoundException: Could not find a setter for property team in classcollect.composite_element.Member
若同时去掉映射文件中的<parent>子元素以及对Team类型和相应setter方法的定义,则一切与原来一样。这也说明了JVM要通过xml文件解析编译类文件。
将该映射文件加入到Hibernate配置文件中,建立一个测试类Test.java:
package collect.composite_element;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import collect.map.UserMap;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Configuration管理Hibernate配置
Configuration config = new Configuration().configure();
// 根据Configuration建立 SessionFactory
// SessionFactory用来建立Session
SessionFactory sessionFactory = config.buildSessionFactory();
// 创建实例
Team t=new Team();
t.setName("team1");
Member m1=new Member();
m1.setName("m1");
m1.setAge("33");
Member m2=new Member();
m2.setName("m2");
m2.setAge("22");
t.getMemebers().put("程序员", m1);
t.getMemebers().put("测试工程师", m2);
// 定义主键变量
Integer pid;
// 添加数据
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try {
tx = session.beginTransaction();
// 创建主键变量
pid = (Integer) session.save(t);
tx.commit();
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
if (tx != null)
tx.rollback();
throw e;
} finally {
session.close();
}
// 修改数据
Member m3=new Member();
m3.setName("增加人员");
m3.setAge("33");
session = sessionFactory.openSession();
tx = null;
try {
tx = session.beginTransaction();
t = (Team) session.get(Team.class, pid);
// 修改名字
t.setName("team update");
t.getMemebers().put("项目经理", m3);
t.getMemebers().remove("测试工程师");
session.update(t);
tx.commit();
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
if (tx != null)
tx.rollback();
throw e;
} finally {
session.close();
}
// 查询数据
session = sessionFactory.openSession();
t = (Team) session.get(Team.class, pid);
System.out.println("team name:" + t.getName());
System.out.println("member name:" + t.getMemebers());
session.close();
// 关闭sessionFactory
sessionFactory.close();
}
}
运行结果:
控制台:
13:38:45,751 DEBUG SQL:346 -insert into ssh.team (name) values (?)
13:38:45,782 DEBUG SQL:346 -insert into teammembers (team_id, teamrole, name, age) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
13:38:45,782 DEBUG SQL:346 - insert intoteammembers (team_id, teamrole, name, age) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
数据库:
运行添加模块:
-----------------------------------------------------------------
运行修改模块:
team:
id name
1 team update
teammembers:
team_id name age teamrole
1 m1 33 程序员
1 m3 33 项目经理