java线程学习_java 线程完整学习-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/iuciuc/article/details/70473654

   说到线程，总会说到进程，在java中，进程和线程是操作系统调度的单位，两者都是操作系统的资源，进程实际是对线程的封装。在java中，有Process和Thread类分别实现进程和线程，这里不说进程，只是线程。
   线程的实现由两种方式，可以extends Thread和implements Runnable。前者继承类，后者实现接口，总体而言有如下几点：
   1.两者都重写run方法，都调用start方法执行。
   2.两者的生命周期相同，包括创建---就绪---执行---(阻塞--就绪---执行)---终止。
   3.java一个类只能继承一个类，可以实现多个接口，所以后者的扩展性更强，因而推荐使用接口。
   4.用Runnable接口可以实现对同一资源的访问，共享而非独占。具体体现如下：

public class RunnableDeam implements Runnable {
    private int apple;
    public RunnableDeam(int a)
    {
        apple=a;
    }

    public void run() {
        while(apple>0){
            System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.print("现在有"+apple+"个,");
            apple--;
            //System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("还有"+apple+"个");
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RunnableDeam r=new RunnableDeam(10);
        Thread t1=new Thread(r,"t1");
        Thread t2=new Thread(r,"t2");
        Thread t3=new Thread(r,"t3");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }

}

执行结果为（先不考虑对错）：

t2t3t1现在有10个,现在有10个,现在有10个,还有8个
t2还有9个
现在有7个,还有7个
还有6个
t2t1现在有6个,t3还有5个
现在有6个,t2现在有4个,还有3个
t2现在有3个,现在有5个,还有1个
t3还有2个
t2现在有1个,还有0个
现在有1个,还有4个
还有-1个

用Thread的方法如下：

public class threadDeam extends Thread {
    private int apple;
    private String name;
    public threadDeam(int a,String na)
    {
        apple=a;
        name=na;
    }

    public void run() {
        while(apple>0){
            System.out.print(name+"现在有"+apple+"个,");
            apple--;
            //System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("还有"+apple+"个");
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        threadDeam t1=new threadDeam(2, "t1");
        threadDeam t2=new threadDeam(2, "t2");
        threadDeam t3=new threadDeam(2, "t3");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }

}

结果如下(先不看对错)：

t3现在有2个,t2现在有2个,还有1个
t2现在有1个,还有0个
t1现在有2个,还有1个
还有1个
t3现在有1个,t1现在有1个,还有0个
还有0个

可以看到，实现runnable的例子，可以共享同一个数据，而后者不可以，但换种方式，让runnable的例子中线程实体不共用一个RunnableDeam r=new RunnableDeam(10)，而是创建三个，就会出现同thread相同的结果。为了真正实现资源共享，我试着将共享数据设为static类型：

//继承Thread的例子
public class threadDeam extends Thread {
    private static int apple;
    private String name;
    public threadDeam(int a,String na)
    {
        apple=a;
        name=na;
    }

    public void run() {
        while(apple>0){
            System.out.print(name+"现在有"+apple+"个,");
            apple--;
            //System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("还有"+apple+"个");
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        threadDeam t1=new threadDeam(2, "t1");
        threadDeam t2=new threadDeam(2, "t2");
        threadDeam t3=new threadDeam(2, "t3");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }

}
/*t1现在有2个,t2现在有2个,t3现在有2个,还有0个
还有1个
还有-1个*/
//实现Runnable的例子
public class RunnableDeam implements Runnable {
    private static int apple;
    public RunnableDeam(int a)
    {
        apple=a;
    }

    public void run() {
        while(apple>0){
            System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.print("现在有"+apple+"个,");
            apple--;
            //System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("还有"+apple+"个");
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RunnableDeam r1=new RunnableDeam(3);
        RunnableDeam r2=new RunnableDeam(3);
        RunnableDeam r3=new RunnableDeam(3);
        Thread t1=new Thread(r1,"t1");
        Thread t2=new Thread(r2,"t2");
        Thread t3=new Thread(r3,"t3");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }
}
/*
t2t1t3现在有3个,现在有3个,还有2个
现在有3个,还有0个
t2现在有0个,还有1个
还有-1个
*/

可以看到他们都是些了资源共享，因为static数据时类的数据而非某个对象的数据。
但在上面的输出中可以看出，结果并不正确，或者是并不是我们想要的。为了达到想要的目的，我们应该加入锁机制。我们以runnable为例子试验一下。

package DoExercise;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class RunnableDeam implements Runnable {
    private volatile static int apple;
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    public RunnableDeam(int a)
    {
        apple=a;
    }
    public void run() {
        lock.lock();
            if(apple>0){

                System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                System.out.print("现在有"+apple+"个,");
                apple--;
                System.out.println("还有"+apple+"个");
                lock.unlock();
            }

    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RunnableDeam r1=new RunnableDeam(2);
        Thread t1=new Thread(r1,"t1");
        Thread t2=new Thread(r1,"t2");
        Thread t3=new Thread(r1,"t3");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }

}
/*
*t1现在有2个,还有1个
*t2现在有1个,还有0个
*/

用synchronized机制也可实现：

package DoExercise;

public class RunnableDeam implements Runnable {
    private volatile static int apple;
    private static Object objLock=new Object();
    public RunnableDeam(int a)
    {
        apple=a;
    }


    public void run() {
            while(apple>0){
                synchronized (objLock) {
                    if(apple>0){
                    System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    System.out.print("现在有"+apple+"个,");
                    apple--;
                    System.out.println("还有"+apple+"个");
                    }
                }   
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RunnableDeam r1=new RunnableDeam(5);
        Thread t1=new Thread(r1,"t1");
        Thread t2=new Thread(r1,"t2");
        Thread t3=new Thread(r1,"t3");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }

}
/*
t1现在有5个,还有4个
t3现在有4个,还有3个
t2现在有3个,还有2个
t3现在有2个,还有1个
t2现在有1个,还有0个
*/