1、安装
1.1、下载地址
1.2、Linux下安装
以下命令使用root用户执行,以下为单机版
新建cassandra用户
groupadd cassandra
useradd -s /bin/bash -g cassandra -d /opt/cassandra cassandra
解压并赋给cassandra权限
tar -zxvf apache-cassandra-2.2.0-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/cassandra
chown -R cassandra:cassandra /opt/cassandra
启动
cd /opt/cassandra/apache-cassandra-2.2.0/bin
su cassandra ./cassandra
如果没有报错, 出现如下信息表示启动成功
INFO 02:45:30 No gossip backlog; proceeding
关闭
ps -aux |grep cassandra
kill pid#pid为cassandra的pid
2、cassandra之旅
以下命令使用cassandra用户执行
安装好之后,那么如何使用呢?
先修改配置文件,使远程客户端能连上,
vim cassandra.yaml
将下面两个配置项的值由localhost改为IP地址,示例如下
listen_address: 192.168.0.101
rpc_address: 192.168.0.101
2.1、使用cassandra自带的命令行
cd /opt/cassandra/apache-cassandra-2.2.0/bin
./cqlsh 192.168.0.101
出现如下命令行, 则表示连接成功
cqlsh>
下面输入简单的几个cql命令, 详细的cql使用,请参见CQL for Cassandra 2.0 & 2.1
--创建keyspace, 类似SQL Database
create keyspace if not exists test_1 with replication = {'class': 'SimpleStrategy', 'replication_factor': 1};
--创建cf, 类似SQL Table
create table users (id int, user_name varchar, primary key(id));
--修改表
alter table users add age int;
--插入数据
insert into users (id, user_name) values (1, 'zhangsan');
--修改数据
update users set user_name = 'zhangsan111' where id = 1;
update users set age = 5 where id = 1;
--查询
select * from users;
select count(*) from users;
cassandra的查询具有以下约束:
第一主键 只能用=或IN查询
第二主键 支持= ,> ,<, >= ,<= 但是必须后面加 ALLOW FILTERING
索引列 只能用=查询
--删除数据
delete from users where id =1;
2.2、代码实现表的CRUD操作
我这里以JAVA举例
MAVEN依赖如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.league</groupId> <artifactId>cassandra</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <spring.framework.version>3.2.8.RELEASE</spring.framework.version> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestone</id> <name>Spring Maven MILESTONE Repository</name> <url>http://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url> </repository> <repository> <id>com.springsource.repository.maven.release</id> <url>http://maven.springframework.org/release/</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> <repository> <id>oracleReleases</id> <name>Oracle Released Java Packages</name> <url>http://download.oracle.com/maven</url> </repository> <repository> <id>JBossRepo1</id> <name>Jboss1</name> <url>https://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/groups/public-jboss/</url> </repository> <repository> <id>JBossRepo</id> <name>Jboss</name> <url>https://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/repositories/releases/</url> </repository> </repositories> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> <artifactId>spring-data-cassandra</artifactId> <version>1.0.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.data.cassandra.core.CassandraOperations;
import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select;
import com.league.cassandra.pojo.Person;
/**
* 创建表: create table person (id varchar, name varchar, age int, primary key(id));
*
*/
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("demo1.xml");
CassandraOperations cassandraTemplate = context.getBean("cassandraTemplate", CassandraOperations.class);
long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
//insert
Person person = null;
for (int i=0; i<100; i++){
person = new Person(UUID.randomUUID().toString(), "NAME," + (i+1), i);
cassandraTemplate.insert(person);
}
System.out.println("insert cost " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - t1));
//query cql
List<Person> persons = cassandraTemplate.select("select * from person", Person.class);
print(persons);
System.out.println("Count: " + persons.size());
System.out.println("query cost " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - t1));
//query select
Select s = QueryBuilder.select().from("Person");
//s.limit(50);//用于返回多少条数
//s.where(QueryBuilder.eq("id", "ab081ad1-9b1c-43de-a605-1c36113a3d53"));
List<Person> personsResults = cassandraTemplate.select(s, Person.class);
print(personsResults);
System.out.println("Count: " + personsResults.size());
System.out.println("query cost " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - t1));
cassandraTemplate.getSession().close();
context.close();
}
public static void print(Person person){
System.out.println(person);
}
public static void print(List<Person> persons){
for (int i=0; i<persons.size(); i++){
System.out.print(i + "\t");
print(persons.get(i));
}
}
}
package com.league.cassandra.pojo;
import org.springframework.data.cassandra.mapping.PrimaryKey;
import org.springframework.data.cassandra.mapping.Table;
@Table
public class Person {
@PrimaryKey
private String id;
private String name;
private int age;
public Person(String id, String name, int age) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
}
cassandra.properties
cassandra.contactpoints=192.168.0.101 cassandra.port=9042 cassandra.keyspace=test_1
demo1.xml
<?xml version='1.0'?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:cassandra="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/cassandra" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cql http://www.springframework.org/schema/cql/spring-cql-1.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/cassandra http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/cassandra/spring-cassandra-1.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd"> <!-- Loads the properties into the Spring Context and uses them to fill in placeholders in the bean definitions --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:cassandra.properties" /> <!-- REQUIRED: The Cassandra Cluster --> <cassandra:cluster contact-points="${cassandra.contactpoints}" port="${cassandra.port}" /> <!-- REQUIRED: The Cassandra Session, built from the Cluster, and attaching to a keyspace --> <cassandra:session keyspace-name="${cassandra.keyspace}" /> <!-- REQUIRED: The Default Cassandra Mapping Context used by CassandraConverter --> <cassandra:mapping /> <!-- REQUIRED: The Default Cassandra Converter used by CassandraTemplate --> <cassandra:converter /> <!-- REQUIRED: The Cassandra Template is the building block of all Spring Data Cassandra --> <cassandra:template id="cassandraTemplate" /> <!-- OPTIONAL: If you are using Spring Data Cassandra Repositories, add your base packages to scan here <cassandra:repositories base-package="org.spring.cassandra.example.repo" /> --> </beans>
spring整合cassandra,更多请参见 官方文档
关于cassandra学习过程中, 更多的参考文档如下:
NoSQL诞生的原因和优缺点 http://blog.csdn.net/chenhuajie123/article/details/9374969
Cassandra中实现SQL操作 http://dongxicheng.org/nosql/cassandra-sql/
Cassandra 2.1 数据查询语法 http://www.tuicool.com/articles/qAVBna7
CQL for Cassandra 2.0 & 2.1 http://docs.datastax.com/en/cql/3.1/cql/cql_reference/update_r.html
http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/cql3/CQL.html
datastax指南: https://academy.datastax.com/demos/brief-introduction-apache-cassandra
spring整合cassandra http://docs.spring.io/spring-data/cassandra/docs/1.0.2.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#cassandra-getting-started
配置项设置: http://pimin.net/archives/297
文章参考: http://tech.chinaunix.net/a2010/1225/1142/000001142663.shtml
一网打尽当下NoSQL类型、适用场景及使用公司 http://www.csdn.net/article/2013-07-24/2816330-how-to-choose-nosql-db
cassandra实战书: http://book.51cto.com/art/201105/264261.htm
cassandra最佳实践: http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/best-practices-cassandra-data-model-design-part2/
Cassandra – 数据结构设计概念和原则 http://my.oschina.net/silentriver/blog/182814
Cassandra研究报告 http://blog.csdn.net/zyz511919766/article/details/38683219/