JAVA 操作Excle解决方案

 前不久公司的一个项目里要用到Excel报表功能,因项目组中的兄弟都没搞过这个东西,所以走了不少弯路。现总结一下JAVA操作Excel的解决方案与大家分亨,有不正确的地方请高手指正。
    JAVA操作Excel目前流行的技术有:
      1: javascript;
      2: Apache的poi;
      3: jxl;
      4: Jfreechart(与其它几种配合使用)
 
     一:报表结构较简单且格式固定 这类报表建议创建模版,用poi/jxl/javascript读取模版里的内容,然后生成新的Excel文件(POI在读取文件和生成新文件过程中会丢失公式,必须在生成的新文件里重写公式),POI读取示例代码如下:
 
 publicclass ReadModelDemo {
    publicstaticvoid createExcelFromTemplate()
    {
        // 读取模板Excel
        HSSFWorkbook workBook = null;
       try {
           workBook = new HSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream("C://model.xls"));
       } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
           // TODO Auto-generated catch block
           e.printStackTrace();
       } catch (IOException e) {
           // TODO Auto-generated catch block
           e.printStackTrace();
       }
 
        //得到这个workbook模版后,就可以插入数据了
       
       //......
       workBook.createSheet().createRow(6).createCell((short)2).setCellValue(15);
       //......
      
       try {// 新建一输出文件流
            FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("C://test.xls");
            // 把相应的Excel 工作簿存盘
            workBook.write(out);
            out.flush();
            out.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    
    }
      
}
 
 
    二 报表结构不确定且复杂(带分析图)这类报表建议用poi/javascript写数据部分,分析图可以用jfreechart来画,画完后插入到excel中(poi 3.0以后支持图片插入)以下示例为POI写数据和格式的部分,jfreechart 生成图片及插入到Excel的代码略:
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 
import org.apache.poi.hssf.record.ChartRecord;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.record.FormulaRecord;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFChart;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataFormat;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.Region;
 
publicclass CreateExcelDemo {
 
    /**
     *@paramargs
     */
    publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {
       
        HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
        HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
        HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
        HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short)0);
        //表名样式
        HSSFCellStyle titlecellstyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
        titlecellstyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_LEFT);//左对齐
        HSSFFont titleFont = workbook.createFont();
        titleFont.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);//粗体
        titleFont.setUnderline(HSSFFont.U_SINGLE);    //单下画线
        titleFont.setFontName("Arial");               //字体
        titleFont.setFontHeightInPoints((short)14);   //大小
        titlecellstyle.setFont(titleFont);
        //表头样式
        HSSFCellStyle formTitleStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
        formTitleStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        formTitleStyle.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        formTitleStyle.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        formTitleStyle.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        formTitleStyle.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        HSSFFont formTitleFont = workbook.createFont();
        formTitleFont.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
        formTitleFont.setFontName("Arial");
        titleFont.setFontHeightInPoints((short)10);
        formTitleStyle.setFont(formTitleFont);
        //表内容样式
        HSSFCellStyle contentStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
        contentStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        contentStyle.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        contentStyle.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        contentStyle.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        contentStyle.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        contentStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        HSSFFont contentFont = workbook.createFont();
        contentFont.setFontName("Arial");
        contentFont.setFontHeightInPoints((short)12);
        contentStyle.setFont(contentFont);
        //百分数显示样式
        HSSFCellStyle percentStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
        percentStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        percentStyle.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        percentStyle.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        percentStyle.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        percentStyle.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        percentStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        percentStyle.setDataFormat((short)9);
        percentStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        HSSFFont percentFont = workbook.createFont();
        percentFont.setFontName("Arial");
        percentStyle.setFont(percentFont);
        //写入内容
        cell.setCellStyle(titlecellstyle);
        cell.setCellValue("PII-ENG采购申请流程控制分析报告");
       
        row = sheet.createRow((short)1);
       
        row = sheet.createRow((short)2);
        cell = row.createCell((short)0);
        cell.setCellValue("报告日期:2007-10-25      (月报)");
        row = sheet.createRow((short)3);
        HSSFRichTextString str1 = new HSSFRichTextString("作业标准:(1) HKD0-10万(14日);" +
             "(2) HKD10万-50万(14日);(3) >=HKD50万(37日); (4) 豁免申请(37日)");
        HSSFRichTextString str2 = new HSSFRichTextString("指标:作业标准内完成数量/总数量>=80%");
        row.createCell((short)0).setCellValue(str1);
        sheet.createRow((short)4).createCell((short)0).setCellValue(str2);
        row=sheet.createRow((short)5);
        cell = row.createCell((short)0);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("时段"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)1);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("HKD0-10万"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)4);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("HKD10万-50万"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)7);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString(">HKD50万"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)10);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("豁免申请"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)13);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("当月合计"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)17);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("指标"));
        row = sheet.createRow((short)6);
        cell = row.createCell((short)1);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("<=14日"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)2);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString(">14日"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)3);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("达标率"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)4);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("<=14日"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)5);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString(">14日"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)6);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("达标率"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)7);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("<=37日"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)8);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString(">37日"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)9);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("达标率"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)10);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("<=37日"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)11);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString(">37日"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)12);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("达标率"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)13);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("达标数"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)14);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("不达标数"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)15);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("合计"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)16);
        cell.setCellStyle(formTitleStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("合计达标率"));
        //合并单元格
        sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(5,(short)0,6,(short)0));
        sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(5,(short)1,5,(short)3));
        sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(5,(short)4,5,(short)6));
        sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(5,(short)7,5,(short)9));
        sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(5,(short)10,5,(short)12));
        sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(5,(short)13,5,(short)16));
        sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(5,(short)17,6,(short)17));
        //加入数据,设置公式
        row = sheet.createRow((short)7);
        cell = row.createCell((short)0);
        cell.setCellStyle(contentStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString("1月"));
        cell = row.createCell((short)1);
        cell.setCellStyle(contentStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(256);
        cell = row.createCell((short)2);
        cell.setCellStyle(contentStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(1);
        cell = row.createCell((short)3);
        cell.setCellStyle(percentStyle);
        cell.setCellFormula("B8/(B8+C8)");
        cell = row.createCell((short)4);
        cell.setCellStyle(contentStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(3);
        cell = row.createCell((short)5);
        cell.setCellStyle(contentStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(5);
        cell = row.createCell((short)6);
        cell.setCellStyle(percentStyle);
        cell.setCellFormula("E8/(E8+F8)");
        cell = row.createCell((short)7);
        cell.setCellStyle(contentStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(0);
        cell = row.createCell((short)8);
        cell.setCellStyle(contentStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(5);
        cell = row.createCell((short)9);
        cell.setCellStyle(percentStyle);
        cell.setCellFormula("H8/(H8+I8)");
        cell = row.createCell((short)10);
        cell.setCellStyle(contentStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(2);
        cell = row.createCell((short)11);
        cell.setCellStyle(contentStyle);
        cell.setCellValue(0);
        cell = row.createCell((short)12);
        cell.setCellStyle(percentStyle);
        cell.setCellFormula("K8/(K8+L8)");
        cell = row.createCell((short)13);
        cell.setCellStyle(contentStyle);
        cell.setCellFormula("sum(b8+e8+h8+k8)");
        cell = row.createCell((short)14);
        cell.setCellStyle(contentStyle);
        cell.setCellFormula("sum(c8+f8+i8+l8)");
        cell = row.createCell((short)15);
        cell.setCellStyle(contentStyle);
        cell.setCellFormula("sum(n8+o8)");
        cell = row.createCell((short)16);
        cell.setCellFormula("n8/p8");
        cell.setCellStyle(percentStyle);
        cell = row.createCell((short)17);
        cell.setCellValue(0.8);
        cell.setCellStyle(percentStyle);
        //HSSFChart chart = new HSSFChart();
        //chart.createBarChart(workbook, sheet);
        ChartRecord chart = new ChartRecord();
        chart.setHeight(200);
        chart.setWidth(400);
        chart.setX(20);
        chart.setY(20);
       
        try {
            FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("C://test.xls");
            workbook.write(fileOut);
            fileOut.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.toString());
        }
 
 
    }
 
}
 
    三 以下方法生成的分析图与数据是分离的,当数据区的值改变时,分析图是不会随之改变的,如果要一起改变,就只能全部用无所不能的javascript来Excel了。以下为简单示例:
<HTML>  
 <BODY>  
<script lanage="javascript">
 function   CreateExcel()  
 {     
              var   exceldemo   =   new   ActiveXObject("Excel.Application");              
              exceldemo.Visible   =   true;  
              var   workbook   =   exceldemo.Workbooks.Add();  
              var   sheet   =   workbook.ActiveSheet;
              sheet.Cells(1,1).Value   =   "1月";  
              sheet.Cells(2,1).Value   =   "2月";  
              sheet.Cells(3,1).Value   =   "3月";  
              sheet.Cells(4,1).Value   =   "4月";
              sheet.Cells(1,2).Value   =   "120";  
              sheet.Cells(2,2).Value   =   "250";  
              sheet.Cells(3,2).Value   =   "310";  
              sheet.Cells(4,2).Value   =   "80";   
              exceldemo.Visible   =   true;  
              exceldemo.UserControl   =   true;
              oResizeRange   =   sheet.Range("B1:B4");
              var   chart   =   sheet.Parent.Charts.Add();
              chart.ChartWizard(oResizeRange,   -4100,   null,  2);
              chart.SeriesCollection(1).XValues   =   sheet.Range("A1","A4");
              chart.SeriesCollection(1).Name   = '月报';
              chart.Location(2, sheet.Name);
              sheet.Shapes("Chart 1").Top   = sheet.Rows(10).Top;  
              sheet.Shapes("Chart 1").Left   =   sheet.Columns(2).Left;  
 }  
 </SCRIPT>  
 <P><INPUT   id=button1   type=button   value="生成excel" οnclick="CreateExcel()"></P>  
 </BODY>  
 </HTML>
 
 
个人觉得Apache和sun公司在对word和Excel的支持上做得不是很理想,虽然有一个poi和jxl,但使用起来还不如javascript 方便,更要命的是poi和jxl都不支持在Excel中画分析图。要画图的地方只能用模版或者是用jfreechart来画。如果谁有更好的解决方案,请一起交流交流。

本文来自CSDN博客,转载请标明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/peter_synnex/archive/2007/12/25/1965706.aspx

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