g++编译c++11 thread报错问题 及c++多线程操作

测试代码thread.cpp

#include <thread>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void run(int n){
  for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    cout << "thread " << n << endl;
  }
}
int main() {
  cout << "hahahha" << endl;
  thread t1(run, 1);
  thread t2(run, 2);
  t1.join();
  t2.join();
  return 0;
}

直接g++编译一下
g++ thread.cpp -o mythread
会发现报错

In file included from /usr/include/c++/5/thread:35:0,
                 from thread.cpp:1:
/usr/include/c++/5/bits/c++0x_warning.h:32:2: error: #error This file requires compiler and library support for the ISO C++ 2011 standard. This support must be enabled with the -std=c++11 or -std=gnu++11 compiler options.
 #error This file requires compiler and library support \

解决方法是g++参数添加“-std=c++11”，但接着编译时，又会报另一个问题

$ g++ thread.cpp -std=c++11 -o mythread
/tmp/ccbLvKA8.o: In function `std::thread::thread<void (&)(int), int>(void (&)(int), int&&)':
thread.cpp:(.text._ZNSt6threadC2IRFviEJiEEEOT_DpOT0_[_ZNSt6threadC5IRFviEJiEEEOT_DpOT0_]+0x93): undefined reference to `pthread_create'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

解决办法是编译参数添加“-lpthread”

$ g++ thread.cpp -std=c++11 -o mythread -lpthead
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lpthead
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
$ g++ thread.cpp -std=c++11 -o mythread -lpthread
$ ./mythread
hahahha
thread1
thread1
threadthread2
thread2
thread2
thread2
thread2
1
thread1
thread1

因为cout打印不是原子操作，会导致thread1和thread2混着打印
先试着使用mutex加锁，更改一下代码

#include <thread>
#include <iostream>
#include <mutex>

using namespace std;

mutex mLock;

void run(int n){
  for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    mLock.lock();
    cout << "thread" << n << endl;
    mLock.unlock();
  }
}

int main() {
  cout << "hahahha" << endl;
  thread t1(run, 1);
  thread t2(run, 2);
  t1.join();
  t2.join();
  return 0;
}

运行结果：
$ ./mythread
hahahha
thread1
thread1
thread1
thread1
thread1
thread2
thread2
thread2
thread2
thread2

因为在run函数中有可能会发现异常，导致unlock没有执行到，进程可能会挂死
解决办法是使用lock_guard，由lock_guard控制构造和析构流程，会自动unlock，运行结果是一样的。

void run(int n){
  for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    //mLock.lock();
    lock_guard <mutex> guard(mLock);
    cout << "thread" << n << endl;
    //mLock.unlock();
  }
}

也可以利用unique_lock，这个功能和lock_guard类似，但提供的功能更多些，try_to_lock尝试去lock，可通过owns_lock判断是否持锁成功

void run(int n){
  for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    //mLock.lock();
    //lock_guard <mutex> guard(mLock);
    unique_lock <mutex> lock(mLock, try_to_lock);//try to lock
    cout << "thread" << n << ", lock result:" << lock.owns_lock() << endl;
    //mLock.unlock();
  }
}

运行结果，偶尔能看到没有持到锁的情况。
$ ./mythread
hahahha
thread1, lock result:1
thread1, lock result:1
thread1, lock result:1
thread1, lock result:1
thread1, lock result:1
thread2, lock result:0
thread2, lock result:1
thread2, lock result:1
thread2, lock result:1
thread2, lock result:1