Hdu1159-Common Subsequence-【LCS】

题目地址：acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=1159

Common Subsequence

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 40613    Accepted Submission(s): 18739

Problem Description

A subsequence of a given sequence is the given sequence with some elements (possible none) left out. Given a sequence X = <x1, x2, ..., xm> another sequence Z = <z1, z2, ..., zk> is a subsequence of X if there exists a strictly increasing sequence <i1, i2, ..., ik> of indices of X such that for all j = 1,2,...,k, xij = zj. For example, Z = <a, b, f, c> is a subsequence of X = <a, b, c, f, b, c> with index sequence <1, 2, 4, 6>. Given two sequences X and Y the problem is to find the length of the maximum-length common subsequence of X and Y.
The program input is from a text file. Each data set in the file contains two strings representing the given sequences. The sequences are separated by any number of white spaces. The input data are correct. For each set of data the program prints on the standard output the length of the maximum-length common subsequence from the beginning of a separate line.

 

Sample Input

  
  

   
   abcfbc abfcab
programming contest 
abcd mnp
  
  

 

Sample Output

  
  

   
   4
2
0
  
  

 

Source

Southeastern Europe 2003

 

Recommend

Ignatius   |   We have carefully selected several similar problems for you:   1087  1176  1003  1058  1069 

0	1	2	3	4	5	6
yi	B	D	C	A	B	A
0	xi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
1	A	0	0	0	0	1	1	1
2	B	0	1	1	1	1	2	2
3	C	0	1	1	2	2	2	2
4	B	0	1	1	2	2	3	3
5	D	0	1	2	2	2	3	3
6	A	0	1	2	2	3	3	4
7	B	0	1	2	2	3	4	4

在画上图的时候碰到了一些问题，自己总结成两条：

1、字符相同，则指向左上，并加1

2、字符不同，则指向左边或者上边较大的那个

状态转移方程：

dp[i][j]=dp[i-1][j-1]+1                                 (a[i-1]==b[j-1])

dp[i][j]=max(dp[i-1][j],dp[i][j-1] )              (a[i-1]！=b[j-1])

lcs模板

#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
int dp[1000][1000];
char s1[1000],s2[1000];//定义在外边 
int main()
{
	while(scanf("%s %s",s1,s2)!=EOF)
	{
		int i,j;
		int l1=strlen(s1);
		int l2=strlen(s2);
		for(i=0;i<=l1;i++)
			dp[0][i]=0;			// xi  yi 第一列  为 0 
		for(i=0;i<=l2;i++)
			dp[i][0];
		for(i=1;i<=l1;i++)
		{
			for(j=1;j<=l2;j++)// 从 1 开始 
			{
				if(s1[i-1]==s2[j-1])
				dp[i][j]=dp[i-1][j-1]+1;
				else
				dp[i][j]=max(dp[i-1][j],dp[i][j-1]);
			}
		}
		printf("%d\n",dp[l1][l2]);
	}
	return 0;
}

会长的回溯法

/*
LCS

BDCABA
ABCBDAB

dp[1][2] = 1
dp[1][1] = 0
dp[2][1] = 0

//子串：连续
//子序列：可以不连续 
// LCS

dp[i][j]//第一个字符串在第i个字符前且第二个串在第j个字符前可构成的最长子序列的长度 

dp[i][j] = 			0  						i=0 || j=0
				dp[i-1][j-1]+1    		 str1[i]==str2[j]
			max(dp[i-1][j],dp[i][j-1])	 str1[i]!=str2[j]
*/
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<stack>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	char str1[20];
	char str2[20];
	while(scanf ("%s %s",str1+1,str2+1)!=EOF)
	{
		str1[0] = str2[0] = '0';
		int l1 = strlen(str1)-1;
		int l2 = strlen(str2)-1;
		int dp[20][20] = {0};//0  						i=0 || j=0
		
		for (int i = 1 ; i <= l1 ; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 1 ; j <= l2 ; j++)
			{
				if (str1[i] == str2[j])//dp[i-1][j-1]+1    		 str1[i]==str2[j]
					dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1] + 1;
				else
					dp[i][j] = max(dp[i-1][j],dp[i][j-1]);//max(dp[i-1][j],dp[i][j-1])	 str1[i]!=str2[j]
			}
		}
		
		//回溯求LCS 
		int pos1 = l1;
		int pos2 = l2;
		stack<char> S;
		while (pos1 > 0 && pos2 > 0)
		{
			if (str1[pos1] == str2[pos2])
			{
				S.push(str1[pos1]);
				pos1--;
				pos2--;
			}
			else if (dp[pos1-1][pos2] > dp[pos1][pos2-1])
				pos1--;
			else
				pos2--;
		}
		while (!S.empty())
		{
			printf ("%c%c",S.top(),(S.size() == 1) ? '\n' : ' ');
			S.pop();
		}
		printf ("%d\n",dp[l1][l2]);
	}
	return 0;
}