使用 docker buildx 构建多 CPU 架构镜像

在工作中，遇到了需要将应用程序打包成 Docker 镜像并同时运行在不同的 CPU 架构（X86 和 ARM）的环境中。

ARM 架构与 X86 相比，ARM 低功耗、移动市场占比高，X86 高性能、服务器市场占比高。

不同的 CPU 架构，对于运行相同的应用程序的 Docker 容器，需要分别在相应的 CPU 架构下编译的 Docker 镜像。
要构建多架构镜像，首先想到的是每种 CPU 架构环境（物理环境或虚拟环境）下构建相应的镜像。
但目前 docker 构建环境是 X86 的，没有 ARM 环境，
或者要申请 ARM 物理机，或者要申请/创建 ARM 虚拟机，或者交叉编辑等等，听上去都比较麻烦。

经过研究，发现 docker buildx 支持构建多架构镜像，这使得构建多架构镜像变得简单。
这样就可以在 X86 架构下构建 ARM 架构的镜像。

接下来，开始实践之旅吧。

环境
Docker Desktop（Mac）

Docker Engine 19.03+

实践步骤
第一步，开启 docker buildx
docker buildx 目前还是试验功能，默认没有开启，需要在 Docker Desktop 的首选项中开启它

Docker —>Preferences —>Command Line —> Enable experimental features

执行 docker buildx 命令，输出截图如下:

第二步，构建多架构镜像，并推送到 Docker Hub
写个简单的 Dockerfile，仅做演示：

echo "FROM python:3.7-alpine”>Dockerfile

列出 builder：

$ docker buildx ls
NAME/NODE DRIVER/ENDPOINT STATUS  PLATFORMS
default * docker
  default default         running linux/amd64, linux/arm64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, linux/386, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
我们当前使用的是默认的 builder，它基本上是旧的 builder。
让我们创建一个新的 builder，它使我们能够访问一些新的多架构结构功能。

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