概念
线段树是一种二叉搜索树，与区间树相似，它将一个区间划分成一些单元区间，每个单元区间对应线段树中的一个叶结点。
使用线段树可以快速的查找某一个节点在若干条线段中出现的次数，时间复杂度为O(logN）。而未优化的空间复杂度为2N，实际应用时一般还要开4N的数组以免越界，因此有时需要离散化让空间压缩。
这是百度百科的解释，我理解的还比较浅，不是特别理解
这里有一篇讲的比较好的博客可以推荐一下。
实现
注意的事项：
+ maxn 是题目给的最大区间,而节点数要开4 倍,确切的来说节点数要开大于maxn 的最小
pow(2,x)的两倍
+ lson 和rson 分辨表示结点的左儿子和右儿子,由于每次传参数的时候都固定是这几个变
量,所以可以用预定于比较方便的表示
+ PushUP(int rt)是把当前结点的信息更新到父结点
+ PushDown(int rt)是把当前结点的信息更新给儿子结点
+ rt 表示当前子树的根(root),也就是当前所在的结点
四大类别
单点更新
只更新叶子节点,然后把信息用PushUP(int r)这个函数更新
上来
示例：
- hdu1166(update:单点增减query:区间求和)
#include <cstdio>
#define lson l , m , rt << 1
#define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
const int maxn = 55555;
int sum[maxn<<2];
void PushUP(int rt) {
sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1];
}
void build(int l,int r,int rt) {
if (l == r) {
scanf("%d",&sum[rt]);
return ;
}
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
build(lson);
build(rson);
PushUP(rt);
}
void update(int p,int add,int l,int r,int rt) {
if (l == r) {
sum[rt] += add;
return ;
}
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
if (p <= m) update(p , add , lson);
else update(p , add , rson);
PushUP(rt);
}
int query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt) {
if (L <= l && r <= R) {
return sum[rt];
}
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
int ret = 0;
if (L <= m) ret += query(L , R , lson);
if (R > m) ret += query(L , R , rson);
return ret;
}
int main() {
int T , n;
scanf("%d",&T);
for (int cas = 1 ; cas <= T ; cas ++) {
printf("Case %d:\n",cas);
scanf("%d",&n);
build(1 , n , 1);
char op[10];
while (scanf("%s",op)) {
if (op[0] == 'E') break;
int a,b;
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
if (op[0] == 'Q') printf("%d\n",query(a , b , 1 , n ,1));
else if (op[0] == 'S') update(a , -b , 1 , n , 1);
else update(a , b , 1 , n , 1);
}
}
return 0;
}- hdu1754(update:单点替换query:区间最值)
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define lson l , m , rt << 1
#define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
const int maxn = 222222;
int MAX[maxn<<2];
void PushUP(int rt) {
MAX[rt] = max(MAX[rt<<1] , MAX[rt<<1|1]);
}
void build(int l,int r,int rt) {
if (l == r) {
scanf("%d",&MAX[rt]);
return ;
}
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
build(lson);
build(rson);
PushUP(rt);
}
void update(int p,int sc,int l,int r,int rt) {
if (l == r) {
MAX[rt] = sc;
return ;
}
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
if (p <= m) update(p , sc , lson);
else update(p , sc , rson);
PushUP(rt);
}
int query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt) {
if (L <= l && r <= R) {
return MAX[rt];
}
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
int ret = 0;
if (L <= m) ret = max(ret , query(L , R , lson));
if (R > m) ret = max(ret , query(L , R , rson));
return ret;
}
int main() {
int n , m;
while (~scanf("%d%d",&n,&m)) {
build(1 , n , 1);
while (m --) {
char op[2];
int a , b;
scanf("%s%d%d",op,&a,&b);
if (op[0] == 'Q') printf("%d\n",query(a , b , 1 , n ,1));
else update(a , b , 1 , n , 1);
}
}
return 0;
}- hdu1394(update:单点增减query:区间求和)
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define lson l , m , rt << 1
#define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
const int maxn = 5555;
int sum[maxn<<2];
void PushUP(int rt) {
sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1];
}
void build(int l,int r,int rt) {
sum[rt] = 0;
if (l == r) return ;
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
build(lson);
build(rson);
}
void update(int p,int l,int r,int rt) {
if (l == r) {
sum[rt] ++;
return ;
}
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
if (p <= m) update(p , lson);
else update(p , rson);
PushUP(rt);
}
int query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt) {
if (L <= l && r <= R) {
return sum[rt];
}
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
int ret = 0;
if (L <= m) ret += query(L , R , lson);
if (R > m) ret += query(L , R , rson);
return ret;
}
int x[maxn];
int main() {
int n;
while (~scanf("%d",&n)) {
build(0 , n - 1 , 1);
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++) {
scanf("%d",&x[i]);
sum += query(x[i] , n - 1 , 0 , n - 1 , 1);
update(x[i] , 0 , n - 1 , 1);
}
int ret = sum;
for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++) {
sum += n - x[i] - x[i] - 1;
ret = min(ret , sum);
}
printf("%d\n",ret);
}
return 0;
}
- hdu2795(query:区间求最大值的位子(直接把update 的操作在query 里做了))
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define lson l , m , rt << 1
#define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
const int maxn = 222222;
int h , w , n;
int MAX[maxn<<2];
void PushUP(int rt) {
MAX[rt] = max(MAX[rt<<1] , MAX[rt<<1|1]);
}
void build(int l,int r,int rt) {
MAX[rt] = w;
if (l == r) return ;
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
build(lson);
build(rson);
}
int query(int x,int l,int r,int rt) {
if (l == r) {
MAX[rt] -= x;
return l;
}
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
int ret = (MAX[rt<<1] >= x) ? query(x , lson) : query(x , rson);
PushUP(rt);
return ret;
}
int main() {
while (~scanf("%d%d%d",&h,&w,&n)) {
if (h > n) h = n;
build(1 , h , 1);
while (n --) {
int x;
scanf("%d",&x);
if (MAX[1] < x) puts("-1");
else printf("%d\n",query(x , 1 , h , 1));
}
}
return 0;
}段更新
需要用到延迟标记(或者说懒惰标记),简单来说
就是每次更新的时候不要更新到底,用延迟标记使得更新延迟到下次需要更新or 询问到的时候
+ hdu1698（update:成段替换(由于只query 一次总区间,所以可以直接输出1 结点）
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define lson l , m , rt << 1
#define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
const int maxn = 111111;
int h , w , n;
int col[maxn<<2];
int sum[maxn<<2];
void PushUp(int rt) {
sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1];
}
void PushDown(int rt,int m) {
if (col[rt]) {
col[rt<<1] = col[rt<<1|1] = col[rt];
sum[rt<<1] = (m - (m >> 1)) * col[rt];
sum[rt<<1|1] = (m >> 1) * col[rt];
col[rt] = 0;
}
}
void build(int l,int r,int rt) {
col[rt] = 0;
sum[rt] = 1;
if (l == r) return ;
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
build(lson);
build(rson);
PushUp(rt);
}
void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) {
if (L <= l && r <= R) {
col[rt] = c;
sum[rt] = c * (r - l + 1);
return ;
}
PushDown(rt , r - l + 1);
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson);
if (R > m) update(L , R , c , rson);
PushUp(rt);
}
int main() {
int T , n , m;
scanf("%d",&T);
for (int cas = 1 ; cas <= T ; cas ++) {
scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
build(1 , n , 1);
while (m --) {
int a , b , c;
scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
update(a , b , c , 1 , n , 1);
}
printf("Case %d: The total value of the hook is %d.\n",cas , sum[1]);
}
return 0;
}
- poj3468(update:成段增减query:区间求和)
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define lson l , m , rt << 1
#define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
#define LL long long
const int maxn = 111111;
LL add[maxn<<2];
LL sum[maxn<<2];
void PushUp(int rt) {
sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1];
}
void PushDown(int rt,int m) {
if (add[rt]) {
add[rt<<1] += add[rt];
add[rt<<1|1] += add[rt];
sum[rt<<1] += add[rt] * (m - (m >> 1));
sum[rt<<1|1] += add[rt] * (m >> 1);
add[rt] = 0;
}
}
void build(int l,int r,int rt) {
add[rt] = 0;
if (l == r) {
scanf("%lld",&sum[rt]);
return ;
}
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
build(lson);
build(rson);
PushUp(rt);
}
void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) {
if (L <= l && r <= R) {
add[rt] += c;
sum[rt] += (LL)c * (r - l + 1);
return ;
}
PushDown(rt , r - l + 1);
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson);
if (m < R) update(L , R , c , rson);
PushUp(rt);
}
LL query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt) {
if (L <= l && r <= R) {
return sum[rt];
}
PushDown(rt , r - l + 1);
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
LL ret = 0;
if (L <= m) ret += query(L , R , lson);
if (m < R) ret += query(L , R , rson);
return ret;
}
int main() {
int N , Q;
scanf("%d%d",&N,&Q);
build(1 , N , 1);
while (Q --) {
char op[2];
int a , b , c;
scanf("%s",op);
if (op[0] == 'Q') {
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
printf("%lld\n",query(a , b , 1 , N , 1));
} else {
scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
update(a , b , c , 1 , N , 1);
}
}
return 0;
}
区间合并
扫描线
- hdu1542(矩形面积并)
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cctype>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define lson l , m , rt << 1
#define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
const int maxn = 2222;
int cnt[maxn << 2];
double sum[maxn << 2];
double X[maxn];
struct Seg {
double h , l , r;
int s;
Seg(){}
Seg(double a,double b,double c,int d) : l(a) , r(b) , h(c) , s(d) {}
bool operator < (const Seg &cmp) const {
return h < cmp.h;
}
}ss[maxn];
void PushUp(int rt,int l,int r) {
if (cnt[rt]) sum[rt] = X[r+1] - X[l];
else if (l == r) sum[rt] = 0;
else sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1];
}
void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) {
if (L <= l && r <= R) {
cnt[rt] += c;
PushUp(rt , l , r);
return ;
}
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson);
if (m < R) update(L , R , c , rson);
PushUp(rt , l , r);
}
int Bin(double key,int n,double X[]) {
int l = 0 , r = n - 1;
while (l <= r) {
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
if (X[m] == key) return m;
if (X[m] < key) l = m + 1;
else r = m - 1;
}
return -1;
}
int main() {
int n , cas = 1;
while (~scanf("%d",&n) && n) {
int m = 0;
while (n --) {
double a , b , c , d;
scanf("%lf%lf%lf%lf",&a,&b,&c,&d);
X[m] = a;
ss[m++] = Seg(a , c , b , 1);
X[m] = c;
ss[m++] = Seg(a , c , d , -1);
}
sort(X , X + m);
sort(ss , ss + m);
int k = 1;
for (int i = 1 ; i < m ; i ++) {
if (X[i] != X[i-1]) X[k++] = X[i];
}
memset(cnt , 0 , sizeof(cnt));
memset(sum , 0 , sizeof(sum));
double ret = 0;
for (int i = 0 ; i < m - 1 ; i ++) {
int l = Bin(ss[i].l , k , X);
int r = Bin(ss[i].r , k , X) - 1;
if (l <= r) update(l , r , ss[i].s , 0 , k - 1, 1);
ret += sum[1] * (ss[i+1].h - ss[i].h);
}
printf("Test case #%d\nTotal explored area: %.2lf\n\n",cas++ , ret);
}
return 0;
}
- hdu1828
思路:与面积不同的地方是还要记录竖的边有几个(numseg 记录),并且当边界重合
的时候需要合并(用lbd 和rbd 表示边界来辅助)
线段树操作:update:区间增减query:直接取根节点的值
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cctype>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define lson l , m , rt << 1
#define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
const int maxn = 22222;
struct Seg{
int l , r , h , s;
Seg() {}
Seg(int a,int b,int c,int d):l(a) , r(b) , h(c) , s(d) {}
bool operator < (const Seg &cmp) const {
if (h == cmp.h) return s > cmp.s;
return h < cmp.h;
}
}ss[maxn];
bool lbd[maxn<<2] , rbd[maxn<<2];
int numseg[maxn<<2];
int cnt[maxn<<2];
int len[maxn<<2];
void PushUP(int rt,int l,int r) {
if (cnt[rt]) {
lbd[rt] = rbd[rt] = 1;
len[rt] = r - l + 1;
numseg[rt] = 2;
} else if (l == r) {
len[rt] = numseg[rt] = lbd[rt] = rbd[rt] = 0;
} else {
lbd[rt] = lbd[rt<<1];
rbd[rt] = rbd[rt<<1|1];
len[rt] = len[rt<<1] + len[rt<<1|1];
numseg[rt] = numseg[rt<<1] + numseg[rt<<1|1];
if (lbd[rt<<1|1] && rbd[rt<<1]) numseg[rt] -= 2;//两条线重合
}
}
void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) {
if (L <= l && r <= R) {
cnt[rt] += c;
PushUP(rt , l , r);
return ;
}
int m = (l + r) >> 1;
if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson);
if (m < R) update(L , R , c , rson);
PushUP(rt , l , r);
}
int main() {
int n;
while (~scanf("%d",&n)) {
int m = 0;
int lbd = 10000, rbd = -10000;
for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++) {
int a , b , c , d;
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c,&d);
lbd = min(lbd , a);
rbd = max(rbd , c);
ss[m++] = Seg(a , c , b , 1);
ss[m++] = Seg(a , c , d , -1);
}
sort(ss , ss + m);
int ret = 0 , last = 0;
for (int i = 0 ; i < m ; i ++) {
if (ss[i].l < ss[i].r) update(ss[i].l , ss[i].r - 1 ,
ss[i].s , lbd , rbd - 1 , 1);
ret += numseg[1] * (ss[i+1].h - ss[i].h);
ret += abs(len[1] - last);
last = len[1];
}
printf("%d\n",ret);
}
return 0;
}
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