selenium之ActionChains鼠标连贯操作

一、ActionChains使用场景

当我们需要连贯操作时，就需要用到ActionChains模块了。

二、ActionChains用法及原理解析

ActionChains可以用来模拟一系列连贯的鼠标操作，鼠标移动、鼠标按钮操作、按键操作、上下文交互操作；比如鼠标单击、双击、右键、拖拽等。
官网使用方法举例：

# ActionChains can be used in a chain pattern:链式写法

menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1")

ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(menu).click(hidden_submenu).perform()



# Or actions can be queued up one by one, then performed.:分步写法

menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1")

actions = ActionChains(driver)
actions.move_to_element(menu)
actions.click(hidden_submenu)
actions.perform()

查看ActionChains模块源码可以发现，ActionChains中的操作方法，会将操作放到self._actions（类型为list）队列中，并返回self实例本身，然后通过perform方法，依次执行队列中的操作。因此我们可以继续点出来类中的其他操作方法组成一个chains，然后通过perform()依次执行。

    def __init__(self, driver):
        """
        Creates a new ActionChains.

        :Args:
         - driver: The WebDriver instance which performs user actions.
        """
        self._driver = driver
        self._actions = []  # 列表，用于存放操作，调用的操作会追加到这个list中
        if self._driver.w3c:
            self.w3c_actions = ActionBuilder(driver)
            
    def perform(self):
        """
        Performs all stored actions.
        """
        if self._driver.w3c:
            self.w3c_actions.perform()
        else:
            for action in self._actions:  # 依次执行队列中的操作
                action()
                
    def click(self, on_element=None):
        """
        Clicks an element.

        :Args:
         - on_element: The element to click.
           If None, clicks on current mouse position.
        """
        if on_element:
            self.move_to_element(on_element)
        if self._driver.w3c:
            self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.click()
            self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
            self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
        else:
            self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(  # 将操作放到self._actions队列中，其他操作方法相同
                                 Command.CLICK, {'button': 0}))
        return self  #返回self实例本身

三、ActionChains包括的方法

ActionChains类中的操作方法	解析
click(on_element=None)	点击鼠标左键
click_and_hold(on_element=None)	点击鼠标左键不松开
context_click(on_element=None)	点击鼠标右键
double_click(on_element=None)	双击鼠标左键
drag_and_drop(source, target)	拖拽指定元素source，到指定target，并松开
drag_and_drop_by_offset(source, xoffset, yoffset)	拖拽指定元素source到指定的x,y坐标，并松开
key_down(value, element=None)	按下某个键盘上的键
key_up(value, element=None)	松开某个键
move_by_offset(xoffset, yoffset)	鼠标从当前位置移动到某个坐标
move_to_element(to_element)	鼠标移动到指定元素的中间
move_to_element_with_offset(to_element, xoffset, yoffset)	鼠标移动到距离指定元素x,y坐标的位置
pause(seconds)	在指定时间内暂停所有的输入
perform()	执行链中的所有动作
release(on_element=None)	在某个元素位置松开鼠标左键
reset_actions()	清除本地和远程端上已经存储的操作
send_keys(*keys_to_send)	发送某些键到当前焦点的元素
send_keys_to_element	(element, *keys_to_send) 发送某些键到指定元素

selenium3.14官网解释如下：

click(on_element=None)点击鼠标左键
Clicks an element.
Args :	
on_element: The element to click. If None, clicks on current mouse position.



click_and_hold(on_element=None)点击鼠标左键不松开
Holds down the left mouse button on an element.
Args :	
on_element: The element to mouse down. If None, clicks on current mouse position.



context_click(on_element=None)点击鼠标右键
Performs a context-click (right click) on an element.
Args :	
on_element: The element to context-click. If None, clicks on current mouse position.



double_click(on_element=None) 双击鼠标左键
Double-clicks an element.
Args :	
on_element: The element to double-click. If None, clicks on current mouse position.



drag_and_drop(source, target) 拖拽指定元素source，到指定target，并松开
Holds down the left mouse button on the source element,
then moves to the target element and releases the mouse button.
Args :	
source: The element to mouse down.
target: The element to mouse up.



drag_and_drop_by_offset(source, xoffset, yoffset) 拖拽指定元素source到指定的x,y坐标，并松开
Holds down the left mouse button on the source element,
then moves to the target offset and releases the mouse button.
Args :	
source: The element to mouse down.
xoffset: X offset to move to.
yoffset: Y offset to move to.



key_down(value, element=None) 按下某个键盘上的键
Sends a key press only, without releasing it.
Should only be used with modifier keys (Control, Alt and Shift).
Args :	
value: The modifier key to send. Values are defined in Keys class.
element: The element to send keys. If None, sends a key to current focused element.

Example, pressing ctrl+c: 举例按下ctrl+c
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()



key_up(value, element=None)  松开某个键
Releases a modifier key.
Args :	
value: The modifier key to send. Values are defined in Keys class.
element: The element to send keys. If None, sends a key to current focused element.



move_by_offset(xoffset, yoffset)  鼠标从当前位置移动到某个坐标
Moving the mouse to an offset from current mouse position.
Args :	
xoffset: X offset to move to, as a positive or negative integer.
yoffset: Y offset to move to, as a positive or negative integer.



move_to_element(to_element) 鼠标移动到指定元素的中间
Moving the mouse to the middle of an element.
Args :	
to_element: The WebElement to move to.



move_to_element_with_offset(to_element, xoffset, yoffset) 鼠标移动到距离指定元素x,y坐标的位置
Move the mouse by an offset of the specified element.
Offsets are relative to the top-left corner of the element.
Args :	
to_element: The WebElement to move to.
xoffset: X offset to move to.
yoffset: Y offset to move to.



pause(seconds)  在指定时间内暂停所有的输入
Pause all inputs for the specified duration in seconds



perform() 执行链中的所有动作
Performs all stored actions.



release(on_element=None) 在某个元素位置松开鼠标左键
Releasing a held mouse button on an element.
Args :	
on_element: The element to mouse up. If None, releases on current mouse position.



reset_actions() 清除本地和远程端上已经存储的操作
Clears actions that are already stored locally and on the remote end



send_keys(*keys_to_send) 发送某些键到当前焦点的元素
Sends keys to current focused element.
Args :	
keys_to_send: The keys to send. Modifier keys constants can be found in the ‘Keys’ class.



send_keys_to_element(element, *keys_to_send) 发送某些键到指定元素
Sends keys to an element.
Args :	
element: The element to send keys.
keys_to_send: The keys to send. Modifier keys constants can be found in the ‘Keys’ class.

参考文章：module-selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains