Hibernate的几种关系映射(一)一对多映射之Set

Hibernate中的实体域模型和关系模型是通过映射文件关联起来的。而对象之间的关联关系可以通过在实体域模型中体现，然后在映射文件中描述，最后通过工具生成数据库表结构。

生成表结构的过程应该是这样子的：

1. 定义hibernate配置文件：hibernate.cfg.xml；
2. 定义实体域模型；
3. 编写映射文件；
4. 生成数据库；
5. 编写测试代码；

下面我们每一个例子都会按照这个步骤进行。

定义测试Hibernate配置文件

我们的测试文件是这个样子滴：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
          "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
    	<!-- 方言 -->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
        <!-- 数据库连接url -->
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate</property>
        <!-- 用户名 -->
        <property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <!-- 密码 -->
        <property name="connection.password">root</property>
        <!-- JDBC驱动 -->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        
		<!-- 显示SQL语句 -->
		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
		<!-- 引用hbm文件 -->
		<mapping resource="configure/Game.hbm.xml" />
		<mapping resource="configure/Task.hbm.xml" />
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

生成数据库

我们生成数据库的代码如下： 

package com.freesoft.db.demo;


import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;

public class CreateTable {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SchemaExport export = new SchemaExport(new org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration().configure());
		// public void create(boolean script, boolean export)
		// script标识是否生成SQL语句
		// export标识是否输出export(到数据库中)，也就是是否执行SQL语句(生成数据库)
		export.create(true, true);
	}
}

一对多/多对一例子

我们的这个例子是设计一个游戏，游戏中有多个关卡。

实体域模型

游戏Game类

package com.freesoft.bean;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class Game {
	private String id;
	private String name;
	private Set<Task> tasks = new HashSet<Task>();
	
	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Set<Task> getTasks() {
		return tasks;
	}
	public void setTasks(Set<Task> tasks) {
		this.tasks = tasks;
	}


}

关卡Task类

package com.freesoft.bean;

public class Task {
	// id
	private long id;
	// 名称
	private String name;
	// 难易程度
	private long level;
	// 得分
	private long score;
	// 游戏
	private Game game;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public long getLevel() {
		return level;
	}
	public void setLevel(long level) {
		this.level = level;
	}
	public long getScore() {
		return score;
	}
	public void setScore(long score) {
		this.score = score;
	}
	public Game getGame() {
		return game;
	}
	public void setGame(Game game) {
		this.game = game;
	}
	public long getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
}

编写映射文件

Game映射

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.freesoft.bean.Game" table="game" >
		<id name="id" type="string" column="id">
			<generator class="uuid" />
		</id>
		<property name="name" type="string" column="name" />
		<!-- cascade为all表示同步更新所有操作，包括save/update/delete -->
		<!-- inverse为true表示game和task的关系由task维护 -->
		<set name="tasks" cascade="all" inverse="true" >
			<key column="game_id"></key>
			<one-to-many class="com.freesoft.bean.Task"  />
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

Task映射

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.freesoft.bean.Task" table="task" >
		<id name="id" type="long" column="id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="name" type="string" column="name" />
		<property name="level" type="long" column="level" />
		<property name="score" type="long" column="score" />
		<!-- 多对一,通过game_id关联到game属性 -->
		<many-to-one name="game"  class="com.freesoft.bean.Game" >
			<column name="game_id" ></column>
		</many-to-one>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

测试代码

测试数据库的代码如下：

package com.freesoft.db.demo;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.freesoft.bean.Game;
import com.freesoft.bean.Task;

public class DemoGame {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Session s = com.freesoft.db.utils.HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();
		Transaction tx = s.beginTransaction();
		try {
			Game game = new Game();
			game.setName("疯狂猜图");
			
			Task task01 = new Task();
			task01.setName("第一关");
			task01.setLevel(1);
			task01.setScore(1);
			task01.setGame(game);
			
			Task task02 = new Task();
			task02.setName("第一关");
			task02.setLevel(1);
			task02.setScore(1);
			task02.setGame(game);
			
			game.getTasks().add(task01);
			game.getTasks().add(task02);
			
			s.save(game);
			tx.commit();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			tx.rollback();
		} finally {
			if (s != null)
				s.close();
		}
	}

}