java http get 和 post 请求 和使用httpclient实现

Http请求类

一、get 请求

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpRequest {
    /**
     * 向指定URL发送GET方法的请求
     * 
     * @param url
     *            发送请求的URL
     * @param param
     *            请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @return URL 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     */
    public static String sendGet(String url, String param) {
        String result = "";
        BufferedReader in = null;
        try {
            String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
            URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
            // 设置通用的请求属性
            connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            // 建立实际的连接
            connection.connect();
            // 获取所有响应头字段
            Map<String, List<String>> map = connection.getHeaderFields();
            // 遍历所有的响应头字段
            for (String key : map.keySet()) {
                System.out.println(key + "--->" + map.get(key));
            }
            // 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    connection.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("发送GET请求出现异常！" + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 使用finally块来关闭输入流
        finally {
            try {
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e2) {
                e2.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

二、post请求

/**
     * 向指定 URL 发送POST方法的请求
     * 
     * @param url
     *            发送请求的 URL
     * @param param
     *            请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     */
    public static String sendPost(String url, String param) {
        PrintWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;
        String result = "";
        try {
            URL realUrl = new URL(url);
            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
            // 设置通用的请求属性
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            // 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            // 获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
            out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
            // 发送请求参数
            out.print(param);
            // flush输出流的缓冲
            out.flush();
            // 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            in = new BufferedReader(
                    new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("发送 POST 请求出现异常！"+e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //使用finally块来关闭输出流、输入流
        finally{
            try{
                if(out!=null){
                    out.close();
                }
                if(in!=null){
                    in.close();
                }
            }
            catch(IOException ex){
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }    
}

三、调用方法：

public static void main(String[] args) {
        //发送 GET 请求
        String s=HttpRequest.sendGet("http://localhost:6144/Home/RequestString", "key=123&v=456");
        System.out.println(s);
        
        //发送 POST 请求
        String sr=HttpRequest.sendPost("http://localhost:6144/Home/RequestPostString", "key=123&v=456");
        System.out.println(sr);
    }

四、以上方法比较繁琐，所以我们使用apache的httpclient来实现更为简单

 //httpClient
    HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();

    // get method
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("https://api.microsofthealth.net/v1/me/Summaries/Daily");
    
    // set header
    String Au="Bearer "+access_token;
    httpGet.setHeader("Authorization",Au);  
  
    //response
    HttpResponse response = null;  
    try{
        response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
    }catch (Exception e) {} 

    //get response into String
    String temp="";
    try{
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        temp=EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
    }catch (Exception e) {} 
    
    return temp;

post请求

//httpClient
    HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();

    // get method
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("https://login.live.com/oauth20_token.srf");    
  
    // set header
    httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); 

    //set params
    List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
    params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("client_id",client_id));
    params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("redirect_uri",redirect_uri));
    params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("client_secret",client_secret));
    params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("code",code));
    params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("grant_type","authorization_code"));
    try{
        httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params));
    }catch (Exception e) {} 

    //response
    HttpResponse response = null;  
    try{
        response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
    }catch (Exception e) {}
    
    //get response into String
    String temp="";
    try{
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        temp=EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
    }catch (Exception e) {}
    
    return temp; 

返回的是httpEntity