目录
直方图处理
令 r k , k = 0 , 1 , 2 , … , L − 1 r_k, k=0, 1, 2, \dots, L-1 rk,k=0,1,2,…,L−1表于一幅 L L L级灰度数字图像 f ( x , y ) f(x,y) f(x,y)的灰度。 f f f的非归一化直方图定义为:
h ( r k ) = n k , k = 0 , 1 , 2 , … , L − 1 (3.6) h(r_{k}) = n_{k}, \quad k = 0, 1, 2, \dots, L-1 \tag{3.6} h(rk)=nk,k=0,1,2,…,L−1(3.6)
n k 是 f n_{k}是f nk是f中灰度为 r k r_{k} rk的像素的数量,并且细分的灰度级称为直方图容器。
归一化直方图
p ( r k ) = h ( r k ) M N = n k M N (3.7) p(r_{k}) = \frac{h(r_{k})}{MN} = \frac{n_{k}}{MN} \tag{3.7} p(rk)=MNh(rk)=MNnk(3.7)
def my_hist(img, bins=256, normalized=False):
"""
create a hist of uint8 image value range[0, 255]
param: input img: grayscale image range[0, 255]
param: input bins: bins for the image, range[0, 255]
return hist and bins for the image, hist -> counts for all the values
"""
# initializ a list for values and counts
list1 = list([x, y] for x in np.arange(bins) for y in np.arange(bins) if y == 0)
data = img.flatten()
for i in range(img.size):
list1[data[i]][1] += 1
dst = np.array(list1)
bins, hist= dst[:, 0], dst[:, 1]
if normalized:
hist = hist / img.size #nomalized hist
return hist, bins
# 直方图
img_1st = cv2.imread('DIP_Figures/DIP3E_Original_Images_CH03/Fig0316(1)(top_left).tif', 0)
img_2nd = cv2.imread('DIP_Figures/DIP3E_Original_Images_CH03/Fig0316(2)(2nd_from_top).tif', 0)
img_3rd = cv2.imread('DIP_Figures/DIP3E_Original_Images_CH03/Fig0316(3)(third_from_top).tif', 0)
img_4th = cv2.imread('DIP_Figures/DIP3E_Original_Images_CH03/Fig0316(4)(bottom_left).tif', 0)
img_list =['img_1st', 'img_2nd', 'img_3rd', 'img_4th']
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20, 15))
for i in range(len(img_list)):
ax = fig.add_subplot(3, 4, i+1)
ax.imshow(eval(img_list[i]), cmap='gray', vmin=0, vmax=255)
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(3, 4, i+5)
hist, bins = my_hist(eval(img_list[i]), bins=256)
ax1.bar(bins, hist), ax1.set_title('My Hist')
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(3, 4, i+9)
hist, bins = np.histogram(eval(img_list[i]), bins=256, range=[0, 256])
ax2.bar(bins[:-1], hist), ax2.set_title('Numpy Hist') # numpy 的返回bins 比hist多一点数,需要去掉最后一个
# ax2.hist(eval(img_list[i]).flatten(), bins=256, range=[0, 255]), ax2.set_title('Matplotlib Hist')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()