如何使用Liquibase

Maven配置信息，大部分配置可以通过命令行参数获得

           <plugin>
                <groupId>org.liquibase</groupId>
                <artifactId>liquibase-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${liquibase.version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <changeLogFile>resources/config/liquibase/master.xml</changeLogFile>
                    <!--<diffChangeLogFile>classpath:config/liquibase/changelog/${maven.build.timestamp}_changelog.xml</diffChangeLogFile>-->
                    <driver>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</driver>
                    <url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/entranceguard?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf8</url>
                    <defaultSchemaName>entranceguard</defaultSchemaName>
                    <username>root</username>
                    <password>root</password>
                    <referenceUrl>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/entranceguard2?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf8</referenceUrl>
                    <referenceUsername>root</referenceUsername>
                    <referencePassword>root</referencePassword>
                    <!--<rollbackTag>T4</rollbackTag>-->
                    <!--<rollbackDate>Feb 16, 2016</rollbackDate>-->
                    <!--<tag>Release0100-2</tag>-->
                    <referenceDefaultSchemaName>entranceguard2</referenceDefaultSchemaName>
                    <verbose>true</verbose>
                    <logging>debug</logging>
                </configuration>
                <dependencies>
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
                        <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
                        <version>3.18.2-GA</version>
                    </dependency>
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>org.liquibase.ext</groupId>
                        <artifactId>liquibase-hibernate4</artifactId>
                        <version>${liquibase-hibernate4.version}</version>
                    </dependency>
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
                        <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
                    </dependency>
                </dependencies>
            </plugin>

通过maven命令行传递参数， 参数形式如下所示

mvn liquibase:rollback -Dliquibase.rollbackTag=T4

http://www.liquibase.org/documentation/maven/generated/update-mojo.html#changeLogFile

直接在命令行调用liquibase

java -jar /xxx/liquibase-core.jar
--driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
--classpath=/opt/temp/mysql.jar
--url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/entranceguard?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8"
--changeLogFile=/Users/yejianxin/workspace_hs_saas_all/hs-dms/hs-dms-database/resources/config/liquibase/master.xml
--username=root
--password=root
rollback
Release0100-2

主要流程是这样的，

1. 通过运行update将所有变更导入到数据库，
2. 通过tag命令进行更新标记 如果要rollback，
3. 则可以根据时间或tag进行回滚

数据库脚本可以通过XML或sql形式存放，一般结构如下

master.xml文件是总文件，它会include其他需要执行的文件。 注意路径，可以用相对路径，只要将relativeToChangelogFile设为”true”

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<databaseChangeLog
        xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-3.4.xsd">

    <include file="./changelog/0100_20160217_01_init.sql" relativeToChangelogFile="true"/>
    <include file="./changelog/0100_20160219_01_addtable.sql" relativeToChangelogFile="true"/>
    <include file="./changelog/initdata/HS_PLATFORM_SYS_CONFIG.sql" relativeToChangelogFile="true"/>
    <include file="./changelog/initdata/HS_PLATFORM_SYS_DICT.sql" relativeToChangelogFile="true"/>
    <include file="./changelog/initdata/HS_PLATFORM_SYS_LABEL.sql" relativeToChangelogFile="true"/>
</databaseChangeLog>

在SQL文件里，必须加上头标签如下所示

--liquibase formatted sql
--changeset JasonYe:Release0100-1
update table1 set column1=333;
--rollback delete from table1 where column1=333;