geth的端口30303和端口8545

30303端口

Geth uses port 30303 for connections to peers.

8545端口

You are attempting to attach to a geth RPC endpoint. You’ll first need to make sure you are running geth with –rpc to expose the JSON RPC interface. Then you’ll want to attach to port 8545 (default RPC port).

By default, geth will only allow RPC calls originating from the same device as geth is running. You’ll need to use –rpcaddr and –rpccorsdomain flags to allow external RPC connections (although this is not advisable from a security standpoint).

更多

I highly recommend checking this page out for more info on the RPC API:
https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#go

Additionally, you might be interested in this thread: http://ethereum.stackexchange.com/questions/3163/how-can-i-expose-geths-rpc-server-to-external-connections