两个lock的经典使用示例

示例一：

public class NumberPrintDemo {

	// n为即将打印的数字
	private static int n = 1;

	// state=1表示将由线程1打印数字, state=2表示将由线程2打印数字, state=3表示将由线程3打印数字
	private static int state = 1;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		final NumberPrintDemo pn = new NumberPrintDemo();		
		new Thread(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				// 3个线程打印75个数字, 单个线程每次打印5个连续数字, 因此每个线程只需执行5次打印任务. 3*5*5=75
				for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
					// 3个线程都使用pn对象做锁, 以保证每个交替期间只有一个线程在打印
					synchronized (pn) {
						// 如果state!=1, 说明此时尚未轮到线程1打印, 线程1将调用pn的wait()方法, 直到下次被唤醒
						while (state != 1)
						try {
							pn.wait();
						} catch (InterruptedException e) {
							e.printStackTrace();
						}
						// 当state=1时, 轮到线程1打印5次数字
						for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
							// 打印一次后n自增
							System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+ n++);			
						}
						System.out.println();
						// 线程1打印完成后, 将state赋值为2, 表示接下来将轮到线程2打印
						state = 2;
						// notifyAll()方法唤醒在pn上wait的线程2和线程3, 同时线程1将退出同步代码块, 释放pn锁. 
						// 因此3个线程将再次竞争pn锁
						// 假如线程1或线程3竞争到资源, 由于state不为1或3, 线程1或线程3将很快再次wait, 释放出刚到手的pn锁. 
						// 只有线程2可以通过state判定, 所以线程2一定是执行下次打印任务的线程.
						// 对于线程2来说, 获得锁的道路也许是曲折的, 但前途一定是光明的.
						pn.notifyAll();
					}
				}
			}
		},"线程1").start();
	
	
	
		new Thread(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
					synchronized (pn) {
						while (state != 2)
						try {
							pn.wait();
						} catch (InterruptedException e) {
							e.printStackTrace();				
						}
					
						for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
							System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+ n++);
						}
					
						System.out.println();
						state = 3;
						pn.notifyAll();
					}
				}
			}
		},"线程2").start();
	
	
	
		new Thread(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
					synchronized (pn) {
						while (state != 3)
						try {
							pn.wait();
						} catch (InterruptedException e) {
							e.printStackTrace();				
						}				
						for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {				
							System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+ n++);				
						}				
						System.out.println();				
						state = 1;
						pn.notifyAll();				
					}		
				}	
			}
		},"线程3").start();
	
	}
}

示例二：

public class NumberPrint implements Runnable {
    private int state = 1;
    private int n = 1;
    // 使用lock做锁
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    // 获得lock锁的3个分支条件
    private Condition c1 = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition c2 = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition c3 = lock.newCondition();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                    try {
                        // 线程1获得lock锁后, 其他线程将无法进入需要lock锁的代码块.
                        // 在lock.lock()和lock.unlock()之间的代码相当于使用了synchronized(lock){}
                        lock.lock();
                        while (state != 1)
                            try {
                                // 线程1竞争到了lock, 但是发现state不为1, 说明此时还未轮到线程1打印. 
                                // 因此线程1将在c1上wait
                                // 与解法一不同的是, 三个线程并非在同一个对象上wait, 也不由同一个对象唤醒
                                c1.await();
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        // 如果线程1竞争到了lock, 也通过了state判定, 将执行打印任务
                        for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
                            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                                    + ": " + n++);
                        }
                        System.out.println();
                        // 打印完成后将state赋值为2, 表示下一次的打印任务将由线程2执行
                        state = 2;
                        // 唤醒在c2分支上wait的线程2
                        c2.signal();
                    } finally {
                        // 打印任务执行完成后需要确保锁被释放, 因此将释放锁的代码放在finally中
                        lock.unlock();
                    }
                }
            }
        }, "线程1").start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                    try {
                        lock.lock();
                        while (state != 2)
                            try {
                                c2.await();
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
                            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                                    + ": " + n++);
                        }
                        System.out.println();
                        state = 3;
                        c3.signal();
                    } finally {
                        lock.unlock();
                    }
                }
            }
        }, "线程2").start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                    try {

                        lock.lock();
                        while (state != 3)
                            try {
                                c3.await();
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
                            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                                    + ": " + n++);
                        }
                        System.out.println();
                        state = 1;
                        c1.signal();
                    } finally {
                        lock.unlock();
                    }
                }
            }
        }, "线程3").start();
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new NumberPrint().run();
    }
}