一、所需环境配置
1. IDEA
2. jdk1.8
3. maven
4. tomcat
二、建立项目
三、建立相应目录
四、配置Maven和Spring MVC
1. pom配置依赖
<!--项目依赖 -->
<dependencies>
<!--日志包-->
<dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.21</version>
</dependency>
<!--j2ee相关包 servlet、jsp、jstl-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql驱动包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.35</version>
</dependency>
<!--其他需要的包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
添加spring的依赖,尽量添加完全:
在<dependencies>之外设置版本号
<properties>
<spring.version>4.2.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
添加依赖
<!-- Spring start -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring end -->
2. 配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0">
<!--welcome pages-->
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!--配置springmvc DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<!--Sources标注的文件夹下需要新建一个spring文件夹-->
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
3. 配置contextConfigLocation,放在spring-mvc.xml文件中
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--启用spring的一些annotation -->
<context:annotation-config/>
<!-- 自动扫描该包,使SpringMVC认为包下用了@controller注解的类是控制器 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zjut.ssm.controller">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!--HandlerMapping 无需配置,springmvc可以默认启动-->
<!--静态资源映射-->
<!--本项目把静态资源放在了WEB-INF的statics目录下,资源映射如下-->
<mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/WEB-INF/statics/css/"/>
<mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/WEB-INF/statics/js/"/>
<mvc:resources mapping="/image/**" location="/WEB-INF/statics/image/"/>
<!--但是项目部署到linux下发现WEB-INF的静态资源会出现无法解析的情况,但是本地tomcat访问正常,因此建议还是直接把静态资源放在webapp的statics下,映射配置如下-->
<!--<mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/statics/css/"/>-->
<!--<mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/statics/js/"/>-->
<!--<mvc:resources mapping="/image/**" location="/statics/images/"/>-->
<!-- 配置注解驱动 可以将request参数与绑定到controller参数上 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 对模型视图名称的解析,即在模型视图名称添加前后缀(如果最后一个还是表示文件夹,则最后的斜杠不要漏了) 使用JSP-->
<!-- 默认的视图解析器 在上边的解析错误时使用 (默认使用html)- -->
<bean id="defaultViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/><!--设置JSP文件的目录位置,通过controller返回的字符串,拼接成页面路径-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!-- springmvc文件上传需要配置的节点-->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="20971500"/>
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
<property name="resolveLazily" value="true"/>
</bean>
</beans>
五、编写代码
1. controller
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/home")
public class HomeController {
//添加一个日志器
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HomeController.class);
//映射一个action
@RequestMapping("/index")
public String index(){
//输出日志文件
logger.info("the first jsp pages");
//返回一个index.jsp这个视图
return "index";
}
}
2. view,在views文件夹下添加index.jsp文件
六、配置Servlet容器并运行
1. 配置tomcat
2. pom配置jetty插件
<plugins>
<!--servlet容器 jetty插件-->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>9.3.10.v20160621</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
3. pom里配置tomcat插件
<plugins>
<!-- tomcat 插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<port>9620</port>
<path>/</path>
<server>tomcat-development-server</server>
<useTestClasspath>true</useTestClasspath>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
!!!!注意,使用tomcat插件可能会引起这两个包产生包依赖冲突,
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
第一个包: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[]]
加上<scope>provided</scope>解决
第二个包:java.lang.NullPointerException
at org.apache.jsp.WEB_002dINF.views.index_jsp._jspInit(index_jsp.java:31)
加上<scope>provided</scope>解决
详见:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10556201/java-lang-classnotfoundexception-httpservletrequest
七、使用service
1. web.xml里添加contextConfigLocation
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/application-context.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
2. 添加spring-service.xml文件
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="aService" class="com.learning.service.AServiceImpl"></bean>
</beans>
3. 添加application-context.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<description>fs-register-cgi</description>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.learning"/>
<context:annotation-config/>
<import resource="classpath:spring/spring-service.xml"/>
</beans>
另一种方式:
在spring-mvc.xml文件中,修改配置直接扫描全部包
<!-- 自动扫描该包,使SpringMVC认为包下用了@controller注解的类是控制器 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zjut.ssm.controller">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
修改为
<!-- 自动扫描该全目录包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zjut.ssm.*" />
参考: