史上最详细的Intellij IDEA开发教程

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最新推荐文章于 2025-03-21 09:37:05 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/java_zdc/article/details/116938973

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本教程详细介绍了如何使用 IntelliJ IDEA 进行 Java 和 Web 项目的开发，包括下载安装、配置文件位置、创建 Java 项目、添加 JAR 包、创建 Web 项目以及配置 Tomcat 并启动 Web 项目等步骤。

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Intellij IDEA系列教材 (一)- 基础 - 教程

步骤 1 : 下载地址

下载地址：https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/download/#section=windows
下载Ultimate，这个版本有对J2EE的支持，Community对WEB的支持没有那么全。
Ultimate可以免费试用一个月

步骤 2 : 也可以下载右上角的 ideaIU-2017.2.rar

建议在官网下载，如果不在官网下也可以在下载区(点击进入)下载ideaIU-2017.2.rar，截至目前(2017.7.28) 为止最新版本：
ideaIU-2017.2.rar
本教程的讲解都基于这个版本: 2017.2

步骤 3 : 开始安装

步骤 4 : 旧版本

倘若机器上安装过旧的IDEA版本就会提示是否卸载旧版本的IDEA.
如图所示，发现了15.0.3版本，通常忽略即可。

步骤 5 : 安装需要1.2G

安装一共需要1.2G的空间，我通常会安装在非C盘，这样重装系统后，软件还在

步骤 6 : 设置文件关联

步骤 7 : 慢慢等吧~

步骤 8 : 运行

Intellij IDEA系列教材 (二)- 基础 - 启动

步骤 1 : 启动IDEA

IDEA和其他的IDE有所不同，它刚开始启动都有许多配置需要做，如果是第一次用的同学多多少少有些懵~ 所以挨个截图一下，简单说明一下

步骤 2 : 导入旧的设置

步骤 3 : 霸王条款1

反正你也不会看是什么，点Accept

步骤 4 : 激活

Ultimate版一年的费用是499美元，所以。。。。还没有买的同学，先试用一个月吧。
选Evaluate for free

步骤 5 : 霸王条款2

反正你还是不会看是什么，点Accept

转存失败重新上传取消

步骤 6 : 选择主题风格

选右边Darcula, 吸血伯爵风格，黑压压的，IDEA标志性界面
点 Next: Default plugins

步骤 7 : 插件

这就是默认提供的插件，如果是第一次用，反正也不知道什么。。。。直接点Next:Featured plugins

步骤 8 : 开始使用

点击Start using IntelliJ IDEA

步骤 9 : 启动成功界面

到这里就启动成功了，进入创建项目阶段

Intellij IDEA系列教材 (三)- 基础 - 配置文件位置

步骤 1 : 关于配置文件的位置

一旦开始使用IDEA之后，就需要做很多的配置相关工作，使得IDEA越来越符合你的个人习惯，让你使用起来得心应手。
而这些配置信息，都保存在C盘，比如我的就会默认保存在如图所示的位置

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\.IntelliJIdea2017.2

而默认放在C盘是不好的习惯，一旦重装系统之后，所有的配置信息都丢失了，又要全部重头来过，所以本知识点讲解如何配置在其他盘下面

步骤 2 : 关闭IDEA

首先关闭已经打开的IDEA

步骤 3 : 打开idea.properties

IDEA的配置信息存放在idea.properties，如图所示，我的位置是在：

D:\software\IntelliJ IDEA 2017.2\bin\idea.properties

步骤 4 : 修改配置位置

如图所示，需要修改这两个位置。(注意要把前面的#去掉，否则就处于注释状态)
我是修改在了d:/software/.IntelliJIdea这个目录下，修改不放心的同学，可以复制使用我贴上来的idea.properties

# Use ${idea.home.path} macro to specify location relative to IDE installation home.

# Use ${xxx} where xxx is any Java property (including defined in previous lines of this file) to refer to its value.

# Note for Windows users: please make sure you're using forward slashes (e.g. c:/idea/system).

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# Uncomment this option if you want to customize path to IDE config folder. Make sure you're using forward slashes.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

idea.config.path=d:/software/.IntelliJIdea/config

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# Uncomment this option if you want to customize path to IDE system folder. Make sure you're using forward slashes.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

idea.system.path=d:/software/.IntelliJIdea/system

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# Uncomment this option if you want to customize path to user installed plugins folder. Make sure you're using forward slashes.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# idea.plugins.path=${idea.config.path}/plugins

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# Uncomment this option if you want to customize path to IDE logs folder. Make sure you're using forward slashes.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# idea.log.path=${idea.system.path}/log

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# Maximum file size (kilobytes) IDE should provide code assistance for.

# The larger file is the slower its editor works and higher overall system memory requirements are

# if code assistance is enabled. Remove this property or set to very large number if you need

# code assistance for any files available regardless their size.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

idea.max.intellisense.filesize=2500

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# Maximum file size (kilobytes) IDE is able to open.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

idea.max.content.load.filesize=20000

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# This option controls console cyclic buffer: keeps the console output size not higher than the specified buffer size (Kb).

# Older lines are deleted. In order to disable cycle buffer use idea.cycle.buffer.size=disabled

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

idea.cycle.buffer.size=1024

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# Configure if a special launcher should be used when running processes from within IDE.

# Using Launcher enables "soft exit" and "thread dump" features

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

idea.no.launcher=false

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# To avoid too long classpath

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

idea.dynamic.classpath=false

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# Uncomment this property to prevent IDE from throwing ProcessCanceledException when user activity

# detected. This option is only useful for plugin developers, while debugging PSI related activities

# performed in background error analysis thread.

# DO NOT UNCOMMENT THIS UNLESS YOU'RE DEBUGGING IDE ITSELF. Significant slowdowns and lockups will happen otherwise.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#idea.ProcessCanceledException=disabled

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# There are two possible values of idea.popup.weight property: "heavy" and "medium".

# If you have WM configured as "Focus follows mouse with Auto Raise" then you have to

# set this property to "medium". It prevents problems with popup menus on some

# configurations.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

idea.popup.weight=heavy

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# Removing this property may lead to editor performance degradation under Windows.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

sun.java2d.d3d=false

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# Set swing.bufferPerWindow=false to workaround a slow scrolling in JDK6 (see IDEA-35883),

# But this may lead to performance degradation in JDK8, because it disables a double buffering,

# which is needed to eliminate tearing on blit-accelerated scrolling and to restore

# a frame buffer content without the usual repainting, even when the EDT is blocked.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

swing.bufferPerWindow=true

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# Removing this property may lead to editor performance degradation under X Window.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

sun.java2d.pmoffscreen=false

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# Enables HiDPI support in JBRE

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

sun.java2d.uiScale.enabled=true

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# Applicable to the Swing text components displaying HTML (except JEditorPane).

# Rebases CSS size map depending on the component's font size to let relative

# font size values (smaller, larger) scale properly. JBRE only.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

javax.swing.rebaseCssSizeMap=true

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# Workaround to avoid long hangs while accessing clipboard under Mac OS X.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#ide.mac.useNativeClipboard=True

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# Maximum size (kilobytes) IDEA will load for showing past file contents -

# in Show Diff or when calculating Digest Diff

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#idea.max.vcs.loaded.size.kb=20480

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# IDEA file chooser peeks inside directories to detect whether they contain a valid project

# (to mark such directories with a corresponding icon).

# Uncommenting the option prevents this behavior outside of user home directory.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#idea.chooser.lookup.for.project.dirs=false

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Experimental option that does a number of things to make truly smooth scrolling possible:

# * Enables hardware-accelerated scrolling.

# Blit-acceleration copies as much of the rendered area as possible and then repaints only newly exposed region.

# This helps to improve scrolling performance and to reduce CPU usage (especially if drawing is compute-intensive).

# * Enables "true double buffering".

# True double buffering is needed to eliminate tearing on blit-accelerated scrolling and to restore

# frame buffer content without the usual repainting, even when the EDT is blocked.

# * Adds "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.debug" option.

# Checks whether blit-accelerated scrolling is feasible, and if so, checks whether true double buffering is available.

# * Enables handling of high-precision mouse wheel events.

# Although Java 7 introduced MouseWheelEven.getPreciseWheelRotation() method, JScrollPane doesn't use it so far.

# Depends on the Editor / General / Smooth Scrolling setting, remote desktop detection and power save mode state.

# Ideally, we need to patch the runtime (on Windows, Linux and Mac OS) to improve handling of the fine-grained input data.

# This feature can be toggled via "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.high.precision" option.

# * Enables handling of pixel-perfect scrolling events.

# Currently this mode is available only under Mac OS with JetBrains Runtime.

# This feature can be toggled via "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.pixel.perfect" option.

# * Enables interpolation of scrolling input (scrollbar, mouse wheel, touchpad, keys, etc).

# Smooths input which lacks both spatial and temporal resolution, performs the rendering asynchronously.

# Depends on the Editor / General / Smooth Scrolling setting, remote desktop detection and power save mode state.

# The feature can be tweaked using the following options:

# "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation" - the main switch

# "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.scrollbar" - scrollbar interpolation

# "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.scrollbar.delay" - initial delay for scrollbar interpolation (ms)

# "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.mouse.wheel" - mouse wheel / touchpad interpolation

# "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.mouse.wheel.delay.min" - minimum initial delay for mouse wheel interpolation (ms)

# "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.mouse.wheel.delay.max" - maximum initial delay for mouse wheel interpolation (ms)

# "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.precision.touchpad" - precision touchpad interpolation

# "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.precision.touchpad.delay" - initial delay for precision touchpad interpolation (ms)

# "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.other" - interpolation of other input sources

# "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.other.delay" - initial delay for other input source interpolation (ms)

# * Adds on-demand horizontal scrollbar in editor.

# The horizontal scrollbar is shown only when it's actually needed for currently visible content.

# This helps to save editor space and to prevent occasional horizontal "jitter" on vertical touchpad scrolling.

# This feature can be toggled via "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.dynamic.scrollbars" option.

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------

#idea.true.smooth.scrolling=true

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# IDEA can copy library .jar files to prevent their locking.

# By default this behavior is enabled on Windows and disabled on other platforms.

# Uncomment this property to override.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# idea.jars.nocopy=false

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

# The VM option value to be used to start a JVM in debug mode.

# Some JREs define it in a different way (-XXdebug in Oracle VM)

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

idea.xdebug.key=-Xdebug

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Change to 'enabled' if you want to receive instant visual notifications

# about fatal errors that happen to an IDE or plugins installed.

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------

idea.fatal.error.notification=disabled

步骤 5 : 再次启动IDEA

再次启动后，就可以发现配置信息都保存在d:\software\.IntelljIIdea下了，这样即便是重装了系统，相关信息也不会丢失了。

Intellij IDEA系列教材 (四)- 基础 - Java Project

步骤 1 : 版本冲突提示

当前的IDEA是最新的(20170801), 需要最新的JDK版本1.8.0u112以上，但是我的是1.8u65，所以会出现这个警告信息。
经过实际使用，并未发现问题，所以我就没有升级JDK了。
不放心的同学，可以到官网下载最新版本的JDK。
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html

步骤 2 : 点击create new project

当前(20170801)使用的IDEA是最新版本2017.2, 其所期待的JDK版本也是要高于或者等于1.8.0u112的，而我使用的JDK是1.8u65，所以会有这么一个警告弹出来。
经过一段时间的使用，并没有发现什么问题，所以我就懒得下载最新的JDK了。
不放心的同学，可以到oracle官网下载最新的JDK：http://java.oracle.com

步骤 3 : Java 项目

如图所示，在左侧IDEA提供了很多项目，Java是默认的，右侧是可以采纳的框架，目前不需要，所以直接点击Next

步骤 4 : 选择模板

有两个模板，一个是命令行，一个是Hello World,也不用理睬，直接点Next

步骤 5 : 设置项目路径

项目目录采用e:\project\j2se，倘若这个目录已经存在，请先删除，以免带来无谓的干扰

步骤 6 : 项目界面

如图所示，这是第一次映入眼帘的java项目视图。有点光溜溜的，接下来会做一些基本的配置，使得用起来更方便

步骤 7 : 显示工具栏和工具按钮

菜单->View->勾选 Toolbar和Tool Buttons

步骤 8 : 设置项目结构

在经过显示工具栏和工具按钮的操作之后，在工具栏就可以看到红框框中的按钮，点击设置项目结构

步骤 9 : 设置JDK

项目使用的JDK可能不是1.8的，所以在2这个位置看到的是1.6的，然后点击New ，选择电脑上JDK1.8的位置，然后点击OK，这样就是当前项目使用JDK1.8了

步骤 10 : 新建HelloWorld.java

在IDEA中，新建文件和上下文有关系，所以需要新建类，必须先选中src目录(因为其是JAVA源文件目录)，然后点击右键->New ->Java Class

步骤 11 : 输入类名

输入类名 HelloWorld

步骤 12 : 编写代码

编写代码HelloWorld

public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String args[]){

System.out.println("Hello World");

}

步骤 13 : 运行

在代码区域右键，然后点击Run 'HelloWorld.main()',或者使用如图所示的快捷键 Ctrl+Shift+F10

步骤 14 : 执行结果

在下方可以观察到执行结果

Intellij IDEA系列教材 (五)- 基础 - 增加 Jar

步骤 1 : 准备一个需要用到第三方的类

因为用到了第三方的类，同时又没有添加jar包，运行就会有异常抛出

public class TestJDBC {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

System.out.println("驱动初始化成功！");

} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

步骤 2 : 下载jar

下载下载区(点击进入)的jar，并复制在lib目录下(lib目录需要自己手动创建)

步骤 3 : 添加jar到路径

右键lib目录->Add as Library... ，弹出个对话框，点击ok

步骤 4 : 再次运行

Intellij IDEA系列教材 (六)- 基础 - Web Project

步骤 1 : 删除j2ee目录

本知识点基于目录e:\project\j2ee进行，为避免其他干扰影响学习，请先删除目录e:\project\j2ee

步骤 2 : 新建项目

菜单->File->New->Project->勾上 Web Application(3.1)->OK

步骤 3 : 项目目录

步骤 4 : 新建目录

右键WEB-INF->New->Directory 新建两个目录：
classes和lib目录

步骤 5 : 新建HelloServlet

选中src目录，然后右键鼠标->New->Servlet->输入HelloServlet

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet{

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){

try {

response.getWriter().println("<h1>Hello Servlet!</h1>");

response.getWriter().println(new Date().toLocaleString());

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

步骤 6 : 下载jar包

观察此时的HelloServlet,发现很多类都无法识别，所以需要为项目添加jar包。
首先下载下载区(点击进入)的servlet.jar，然后复制到在新建目录步骤中新建的lib目录下

步骤 7 : 导入jar包

与上一个添加jar到路径,] 教程中的做法不一样的，这里采用另一个做法：
1. 点击 project structure
2. 点击 Libraries
3. 点击加号，选中Java
4. 指定E:\project\j2ee\web\WEB-INF\lib\servlet-api.jar
5. 点击ok
这个行为做过之后服务端HelloServlet的编译错误就消失了

步骤 8 : 指定输出目录

1. 打开project structure
2. 设置 project complier output 为：

E:\project\j2ee\web\WEB-INF\classes

步骤 9 : 修改web.xml

在web.xml中添加/hello路径的映射

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"

version="3.1">

<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>HelloServlet</servlet-class>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

步骤 10 : 启动Tomcat

接下来就是配置Tomcat并启动，这个将在下个知识点讲解：配置Tomcat

Intellij IDEA系列教材 (七)- 基础 - 配置Tomcat

步骤 1 : 接着上一个教程

本教材用于演示如何在IDEA中配置，并启动一个web项目。这需要建立在一个web基础之上，所以请完成上一个知识点在IDEA中创建Web Project

步骤 2 : 下载Tomcat

IDEA本身不带Tomcat,用的是自己下载的。下载区(点击进入)有一个专门为IDEA准备的Tomcat,请下载并解压到d盘

正在上传…重新上传取消

步骤 3 : 打开Tomcat配置

1. 点击红框框1那里的下拉,然后点击 Edit Configurations
2. 然后点击+号：重要: 不要点到截图里面5的那个Defaults
3. 选Tomcat Servet
4. Local
打开配置页面
注：步骤3，也许看不到Tomcat Server,那么点击下面那个 33 items more(irrelevant) 里面有Tomcat Server