使用karma runner 进行javascript单元测试

废话少说，开始安装
1、先装node.js
http://nodejs.org/
2、确认node.js安装成功
node -v
若找不到命令，那你和我一样是windows server 2003，需设置环境变量，重新打开cmd
若还是不行，上手动档，命令行里先执行

set Path=%Path%;C:\Program Files\nodejs\
node -v

恭喜你！这招一定行，这都不行，请跳楼。
这就设置好环境变量了，但是CMD窗口不要关，重新打开还需要重新设置变量。
3、CMD到项目目录下，安装karma
[url]http://karma-runner.github.io/0.12/intro/installation.html[/url]

cd E:\HTML5js\WebContent
npm install karma --save-dev
npm install karma-jasmine karma-chrome-launcher --save-dev
npm install -g karma-cli

安装时，有时会提示什么.dll类库找不着，悲崔的windows们，请安装visual studio 2010，安装visual studio 后，再重新执行npm安装命令。
4、运行karma测试命令是否正常

karma start

有时可能又运行不了，那么

node ./node_modules/karma/bin/karma start

5、编写配置文件
在当前目录下添加karma.conf.js

module.exports = function(config) {
  config.set({
    // base path, that will be used to resolve files and exclude
    basePath: '.',

    frameworks: ['jasmine'],

    // list of files / patterns to load in the browser
    files: [
      'js/*.js'
    ],

    // list of files to exclude
    exclude: [
      'client/main.js'
    ],

    preprocessors: {
    },

    // use dots reporter, as travis terminal does not support escaping sequences
    // possible values: 'dots', 'progress'
    // CLI --reporters progress
    reporters: ['progress', 'junit'],

    junitReporter: {
      // will be resolved to basePath (in the same way as files/exclude patterns)
      outputFile: 'test-results.xml'
    },

    // web server port
    // CLI --port 9876
    port: 9876,

    // enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs)
    // CLI --colors --no-colors
    colors: true,

    // level of logging
    // possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG
    // CLI --log-level debug
    logLevel: config.LOG_INFO,

    // enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes
    // CLI --auto-watch --no-auto-watch
    autoWatch: true,

    // Start these browsers, currently available:
    // - Chrome
    // - ChromeCanary
    // - Firefox
    // - Opera
    // - Safari (only Mac)
    // - PhantomJS
    // - IE (only Windows)
    // CLI --browsers Chrome,Firefox,Safari
    //browsers: [process.env.TRAVIS ? 'Firefox' : 'Chrome'],
    browsers: ['IE'],

    // If browser does not capture in given timeout [ms], kill it
    // CLI --capture-timeout 5000
    captureTimeout: 20000,

    // Auto run tests on start (when browsers are captured) and exit
    // CLI --single-run --no-single-run
    singleRun: false,

    // report which specs are slower than 500ms
    // CLI --report-slower-than 500
    reportSlowerThan: 500,

    plugins: [
      'karma-jasmine',
      'karma-chrome-launcher',
      'karma-firefox-launcher',
      'karma-ie-launcher',
      'karma-junit-reporter',
      'karma-commonjs'
    ]
  });
};

6、添加需要测试的js和测试用例
创建js目录，在js目录下创建 plus.js和test.js
plug.js源码

// Some code under test
function plus(a, b) {
  return a + b;
}

test.js源码

describe('plus', function() {
  it('should pass', function() {
    expect(true).toBe(true);
  });

  it('should work', function() {
    expect(plus(1, 2)).toBe(3);
  });

  it('should work', function() {
	    expect(plus(5, 2)).toBe(9);
	  });
});

7、执行测试
在当前目录下运行命令，启动测试：

karma start

若测试不成功，安装karma插件

npm install karma-chrome-launcher karma-firefox-launcher karma-ie-launcher karma-junit-reporter karma-commonjs --save-dev

安装好后，再执行karma start进行测试
命令行显示测试结果

E:\HTML5js\WebContent>node ./node_modules/karma/bin/karma start
INFO [karma]: Karma v0.12.9 server started at http://localhost:9876/
INFO [launcher]: Starting browser IE
INFO [IE 8.0.0 (Windows 7)]: Connected on socket eltz_MLU0QZG0nXCcquR with id 46
729579
..
IE 8.0.0 (Windows 7) plus should work FAILED
        Expected 7 to be 9.
IE 8.0.0 (Windows 7): Executed 3 of 3 (1 FAILED) (0.023 secs / 0.013 secs)

自动打开IE进行测试，IE界面：
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0096/3377/1b3133de-125b-31f5-b34a-0b43bd22aa87.png[/img]

8、支持IE、chrome、firefox和Jenkins持续集成测试，请看下集