定时器精确到毫秒并对其进行误差测试

 

.Net里面的System.Windows.Forms.Timer，当设置其Interval到毫秒级别（<1000）时，会出现令人咋舌的误差，而且有两方面会使误差进一步拉大
1、Interval设的越小，误差越大；
2、随着定时器工作时间的推移，误差也越大
下面是一段Demo测试代码，仅供参考：

 

namespace MyTimerDemo 
{ 
    public partial class Form1 : Form 
    { 
        #region 私有变量 定义  
        /// <summary>  
        /// 记录每次启动定时器的时间  
        /// </summary>  
        private DateTime startTime; 
        /// <summary>  
        /// 定时器已走时间  
        /// </summary>  
        private TimeSpan span; 
        /// <summary>  
        /// 记录每次暂停时定时器已走时间  
        /// </summary>  
        private TimeSpan pauseSpan; 
        /// <summary>  
        /// 时间（秒）  
        /// </summary>  
        private int time; 
        /// <summary>  
        /// 是否倒计时  
        /// </summary>  
        private bool bDown; 
        /// <summary>  
        /// 误差测试临时变量  
        /// </summary>  
        private int iCount = 0;
        #endregion  
 
        public Form1() 
        { 
            InitializeComponent(); 
            timer1.Interval = 1; //每毫秒执行一次 
            time = 0; //初始化时间  
 
            //倒计时设定，如果时间为0则正计时，否则倒计时  
            if (time == 0)  
            { 
                bDown = false; 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                bDown = true; 
            } 
            label1.Text = string.Format("00:00:{0}:000", time.ToString("00")); 
            label2.Text = time.ToString("00"); 
        } 
        /// <summary>  
        /// 开始/暂停  
        /// </summary>  
        private void btnStartPause_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 
        { 
            timer1.Enabled = !timer1.Enabled; 
            if (timer1.Enabled) //开始 
            { 
                btnStartPause.Text = "Pause"; 
 
                //启动定时器，务必修改启动时间  
                startTime = DateTime.Now;  
            } 
            else //暂停 
            { 
                btnStartPause.Text = "Start"; 
 
                //暂停，记录定时器当前已走时间 
                pauseSpan = span; 
            } 
        } 
        /// <summary>  
        /// 停止定时器  
        /// </summary>  
        private void btnStop_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 
        { 
            timer1.Enabled = false; 
            btnStartPause.Enabled = true; 
            btnStartPause.Text = "Start"; 
            pauseSpan = new TimeSpan(0); //将上次暂停 记录的已走时间清零 
            label1.Text = string.Format("00:00:{0}:000", time.ToString("00")); 
            label2.Text = time.ToString("00"); 
        } 
 
        private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) 
        { 
            //刷新定时器已走时间  
            //注意务必加上 上次暂停记录的已走时间 
            span = (DateTime.Now - startTime).Add(pauseSpan); 
 
            if (bDown) //倒计时 
            { 
                //若时间倒到0，定时器停止工作  
                if (span.Ticks >= time * TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond) 
                { 
                    btnStartPause.Enabled = false; 
                    timer1.Enabled = false; 
                } 
                else 
                { 
                    DateTime spanDt = new DateTime( 
                        time * TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond - span.Ticks); 
                    label1.Text = spanDt.ToString("HH:mm:ss:fff"); 
                    label2.Text = (time - span.TotalSeconds).ToString("00"); 
                } 
            } 
            else //正计时 
            { 
                DateTime spanDt = new DateTime(span.Ticks); 
                label1.Text = spanDt.ToString("HH:mm:ss:fff"); 
                label2.Text = span.TotalSeconds.ToString("00"); 
 
                //误差测试，在正计时进行 --> 简单、方便:)  
                iCount += timer1.Interval; 
                label3.Text = (iCount / 1000).ToString("00"); 
            } 
        } 
    } 
} 

 

 

namespace MyTimerDemo
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        #region 私有变量 定义
        /// <summary>
        /// 记录每次启动定时器的时间
        /// </summary>
        private DateTime startTime;
        /// <summary>
        /// 定时器已走时间
        /// </summary>
        private TimeSpan span;
        /// <summary>
        /// 记录每次暂停时定时器已走时间
        /// </summary>
        private TimeSpan pauseSpan;
        /// <summary>
        /// 时间（秒）
        /// </summary>
        private int time;
        /// <summary>
        /// 是否倒计时
        /// </summary>
        private bool bDown;
        /// <summary>
        /// 误差测试临时变量
        /// </summary>
        private int iCount = 0;
        #endregion

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            timer1.Interval = 1; //每毫秒执行一次
            time = 0; //初始化时间

            //倒计时设定，如果时间为0则正计时，否则倒计时
            if (time == 0)
            {
                bDown = false;
            }
            else
            {
                bDown = true;
            }
            label1.Text = string.Format("00:00:{0}:000", time.ToString("00"));
            label2.Text = time.ToString("00");
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 开始/暂停
        /// </summary>
        private void btnStartPause_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            timer1.Enabled = !timer1.Enabled;
            if (timer1.Enabled) //开始
            {
                btnStartPause.Text = "Pause";

                //启动定时器，务必修改启动时间
                startTime = DateTime.Now;
            }
            else //暂停
            {
                btnStartPause.Text = "Start";

                //暂停，记录定时器当前已走时间
                pauseSpan = span;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 停止定时器
        /// </summary>
        private void btnStop_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            timer1.Enabled = false;
            btnStartPause.Enabled = true;
            btnStartPause.Text = "Start";
            pauseSpan = new TimeSpan(0); //将上次暂停 记录的已走时间清零
            label1.Text = string.Format("00:00:{0}:000", time.ToString("00"));
            label2.Text = time.ToString("00");
        }

        private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //刷新定时器已走时间
            //注意务必加上 上次暂停记录的已走时间
            span = (DateTime.Now - startTime).Add(pauseSpan);

            if (bDown) //倒计时
            {
                //若时间倒到0，定时器停止工作
                if (span.Ticks >= time * TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond)
                {
                    btnStartPause.Enabled = false;
                    timer1.Enabled = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    DateTime spanDt = new DateTime(
                        time * TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond - span.Ticks);
                    label1.Text = spanDt.ToString("HH:mm:ss:fff");
                    label2.Text = (time - span.TotalSeconds).ToString("00");
                }
            }
            else //正计时
            {
                DateTime spanDt = new DateTime(span.Ticks);
                label1.Text = spanDt.ToString("HH:mm:ss:fff");
                label2.Text = span.TotalSeconds.ToString("00");

                //误差测试，在正计时进行 --> 简单、方便:)
                iCount += timer1.Interval;
                label3.Text = (iCount / 1000).ToString("00");
            }
        }
    }
}

修改Interval只需在构造函数进行即可