MongoDB 支持多种复杂的查询方式，能实现大多数 T-SQL 功能，远不是 Key-Value 之类的 NoSQL DB 所能比拟的。
Conditional Operators : $slice //切片
Conditional Operators : $lt <, $lte <=, $gt >, $gte >=
Conditional Operator : $ne //不等于
Conditional Operator : $in //属于
Conditional Operator : $nin //不属于
Conditional Operator : $mod //取模运算
Conditional Operator: $all //全部属于
Conditional Operator : $size //数量
Conditional Operator: $exists //字段存在
Conditional Operator: $type //字段类型
Conditional Operator: $or // 或
Regular Expressions //正则表达式
Value in an Array // 数组中的值
Conditional Operator: $elemMatch //要素符合
Value in an Embedded Object //内嵌对象中的值
Meta operator: $not //不是
Javascript Expressions and $where //
sort() //排序
limit() //限制取数据条数
skip() //跳过一定数值开始取
snapshot() //
count() // 数量
group() //分组
准备数据
In [ 9 ]: db Out[ 9 ]: Database(Connection( ' localhost ' , 27017 ), u ' test ' ) In [ 10 ]: table = db.table_abeen In [ 11 ]: table Out[ 11 ]: Collection(Database(Connection( ' localhost ' , 27017 ), u ' test ' ), u ' table_abeen ' ) In [ 12 ]: table.insert({ " name " : " abeen " , " age " : 27 }) Sun Aug 8 23 : 14 : 20 connection accepted from 127.0 . 0.1 : 46143 # 27 Out[ 12 ]: ObjectId( ' 4c5f9cbc421aa90fb9000000 ' ) In [ 14 ]: table.insert({ " name " : " shanshan " , " age " : 22 }) Out[ 14 ]: ObjectId( ' 4c5f9ccb421aa90fb9000001 ' )
Conditional Operator: $ne (not equal)
// 查找name不等于abeen的信息 In [ 24 ]: list(table.find({ " name " :{ " $ne " : " abeen " }})) Out[ 24 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9ccb421aa90fb9000001 ' ), u ' age ' : 22 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9d2d421aa90fb9000002 ' ), u ' age ' : 22 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan2 ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9d34421aa90fb9000003 ' ), u ' age ' : 23 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan3 ' }]
Conditional Operator: $gt $lt(gt= greater than, lt=less than)
// 查找name不等于abeen,并且age大于22的 In [ 29 ]: list(table.find({ " name " : { " $ne " : " abeen " }, " age " :{ " $gt " : 22 }})) Out[ 29 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9d34421aa90fb9000003 ' ), u ' age ' : 23 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan3 ' }]
获取子集 $ne $slice
// select " age " from table where name = " abeen " In [ 42 ]: list(table.find({ " name " : " abeen " }, { " age " : 1 })) Out[ 42 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9cbc421aa90fb9000000 ' ), u ' age ' : 27 }] // get all posts about mongodb without " age " In [ 43 ]: list(table.find({ " name " : " abeen " }, { " age " : 0})) Out[ 43 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9cbc421aa90fb9000000 ' ), u ' name ' : u ' abeen ' }] // name不等于abeen的 " age " 信息,取前5条 In [ 48 ]: list(table.find({ " name " : { " $ne " : " abeen " }}, { " age " :{ " $slice " : 5 }})) // 取name信息,从第10条开始取20条 In [ 54 ]: list(table.find({}, { " name " : { " $slice " : [ 10 , 20 ]}})) // 取name信息,从后20条开始取10条 In [ 55 ]: list(table.find({}, { " name " : { " $slice " : [ - 20 , 10 ]}}))
取数值范围
// age大于23的 In [ 56 ]: list(table.find({ " age " :{ " $gt " : 23 }})) Out[ 56 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9cbc421aa90fb9000000 ' ), u ' age ' : 27 , u ' name ' : u ' abeen ' }] // age小于23的 In [ 57 ]: list(table.find({ " age " :{ " $lt " : 23 }})) Out[ 57 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9ccb421aa90fb9000001 ' ), u ' age ' : 22 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9d2d421aa90fb9000002 ' ), u ' age ' : 22 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan2 ' }] // age大于等于23的 In [ 58 ]: list(table.find({ " age " :{ " $gte " : 23 }})) Out[ 58 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9cbc421aa90fb9000000 ' ), u ' age ' : 27 , u ' name ' : u ' abeen ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9d34421aa90fb9000003 ' ), u ' age ' : 23 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan3 ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5fa2ab421aa90fb9000004 ' ), u ' address ' : u ' da zhong si ' , u ' age ' : 23 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan3 ' }] // age小于等于23的 In [ 59 ]: list(table.find({ " age " :{ " $lte " : 23 }})) Out[ 59 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9ccb421aa90fb9000001 ' ), u ' age ' : 22 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9d2d421aa90fb9000002 ' ), u ' age ' : 22 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan2 ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9d34421aa90fb9000003 ' ), u ' age ' : 23 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan3 ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5fa2ab421aa90fb9000004 ' ), u ' address ' : u ' da zhong si ' , u ' age ' : 23 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan3 ' }]
Conditional Operator: $gt
// 22 < age < 25的 In [ 63 ]: list(table.find({ " age " : { " $gt " : 22 , " $lt " : 25 }})) Out[ 63 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9d34421aa90fb9000003 ' ), u ' age ' : 23 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan3 ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5fa2ab421aa90fb9000004 ' ), u ' address ' : u ' da zhong si ' , u ' age ' : 23 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan3 ' }]
Conditional Operator : $in
// name在列表[ " abeen " , " ab " , " b " ]里面的 In [ 67 ]: list(table.find({ " name " :{ " $in " :[ " abeen " , " ab " , " b " ]}})) Out[ 67 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9cbc421aa90fb9000000 ' ), u ' age ' : 27 , u ' name ' : u ' abeen ' }] // name在列表[ " abeen " , " ab " , " b " ]里面的,限制取1条数据 In [ 69 ]: list(table.find({ " name " :{ " $in " :[ " abeen " , " ab " , " b " , " shanshan " ]}}).limit( 1 )) Out[ 69 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9cbc421aa90fb9000000 ' ), u ' age ' : 27 , u ' name ' : u ' abeen ' }]
Conditional Operator : $nin (not in)
// name不在列表[ " abeen " , " ab " , " b " ]里面的 In [ 70 ]: list(table.find({ " name " :{ " $nin " :[ " abeen " , " ab " , " b " ]}})) Out[ 70 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9ccb421aa90fb9000001 ' ), u ' age ' : 22 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9d2d421aa90fb9000002 ' ), u ' age ' : 22 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan2 ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9d34421aa90fb9000003 ' ), u ' age ' : 23 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan3 ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5fa2ab421aa90fb9000004 ' ), u ' address ' : u ' da zhong si ' , u ' age ' : 23 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan3 ' }]
Conditional Operator: $mod
// 查找age除10模等于1的 In [ 71 ]: list(table.find({ " age " :{ " $mod " :[ 10 , 1 ]}}))
Conditional Operator: $all
// 取name包含所有[ " abeen " , " a " , " b " ]的信息 In [ 77 ]: list(table.find({ " name " :{ " $all " :[ " abeen " , " a " , " b " ]}})) Out[ 77 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5facc6421aa90fb9000005 ' ), u ' name ' : [u ' abeen ' , u ' a ' , u ' b ' , u ' e ' , u ' e ' , u ' n ' ]}]
Conditional Operator: $size
// 取name元素数和$size数相同的信息 In [ 81 ]: list(table.find({ " name " :{ " $size " : 6 }})) Out[ 81 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5facc6421aa90fb9000005 ' ), u ' name ' : [u ' abeen ' , u ' a ' , u ' b ' , u ' e ' , u ' e ' , u ' n ' ]}]
Conditional Operator: $exists
// 取name存在的信息 In [ 83 ]: list(table.find({ " name " :{ " $exists " : True}})) Out[ 83 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9cbc421aa90fb9000000 ' ), u ' age ' : 27 , u ' name ' : u ' abeen ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9ccb421aa90fb9000001 ' ), u ' age ' : 22 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9d2d421aa90fb9000002 ' ), u ' age ' : 22 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan2 ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9d34421aa90fb9000003 ' ), u ' age ' : 23 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan3 ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5fa2ab421aa90fb9000004 ' ), u ' address ' : u ' da zhong si ' , u ' age ' : 23 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan3 ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5facc6421aa90fb9000005 ' ), u ' name ' : [u ' abeen ' , u ' a ' , u ' b ' , u ' e ' , u ' e ' , u ' n ' ]}] // 取name不存在信息 In [ 84 ]: list(table.find({ " name " :{ " $exists " : False}})) Out[ 84 ]: []
Conditional Operator: $type
// name类型为字符串的 In [ 88 ]: list(table.find({ " name " :{ " $type " : 2 }}))
type对应该类型表如下:
Conditional Operator: $or
// 查找name等于abeen或等于shanshan的信息 In [ 95 ]: list(table.find({ " $or " :[{ " name " : " abeen " }, { " name " : " shanshan " }]})) Out[ 95 ]: [] // 查找age等于22,或name等于abeen或等于shanshan的信息 In [ 96 ]: list(table.find({ " age " : 22 , " $or " :[{ " name " : " abeen " }, { " name " : " shanshan " }]})) Out[ 96 ]: []
Regular Expressions
// 利用正则查询 In [ 114 ]: list(table.find({ " name " : { " $regex " : r " .*ee.* " }})) Out[ 114 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9cbc421aa90fb9000000 ' ), u ' age ' : 27 , u ' name ' : u ' abeen ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5facc6421aa90fb9000005 ' ), u ' name ' : [u ' abeen ' , u ' a ' , u ' b ' , u ' e ' , u ' e ' , u ' n ' ]}] 正则表达式标记: i: 忽略大小写。 m: 默认为单行处理，此标记表示多行。 x: 扩展。
Conditional Operator: $elemMatch
In [ 135 ]: list(table.find( { " age " : { " $elemMatch " : { " name " : { " $regex " : r " .*ee.* " }, " age " :{ " $gt " : 22 }}}}))
Value in an Embedded Object
// 查找内部对象信息, // 查找内部对象info的name等于abeen的信息 In [ 217 ]: list(table.find({ " info.name " : " abeen " })) Out[ 217 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5fcd7e421aa90fb9000007 ' ), u ' info ' : {u ' address ' : u ' beijing ' , u ' age ' : 28 , u ' name ' : u ' abeen ' }, u ' name ' : u ' abeen_object ' }]
Meta operator: $not
// 查询age不在大于23的范围内的信息 In [ 160 ]: list(table.find({ " age " : { " $not " :{ " $gt " : 23 }}})) Out[ 160 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9ccb421aa90fb9000001 ' ), u ' age ' : 22 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9d2d421aa90fb9000002 ' ), u ' age ' : 22 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan2 ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9d34421aa90fb9000003 ' ), u ' age ' : 23 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan3 ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5fa2ab421aa90fb9000004 ' ), u ' address ' : u ' da zhong si ' , u ' age ' : 23 , u ' name ' : u ' shanshan3 ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5facc6421aa90fb9000005 ' ), u ' name ' : [u ' abeen ' , u ' a ' , u ' b ' , u ' e ' , u ' e ' , u ' n ' ]}]
Javascript Expressions and $where
// age大于23的 In [ 164 ]: list(table.find({ " age " : { " $gt " : 23 }})) Out[ 164 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9cbc421aa90fb9000000 ' ), u ' age ' : 27 , u ' name ' : u ' abeen ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5fae95421aa90fb9000006 ' ), u ' age ' : 25 , u ' name ' : u '' }] // age大于23的 In [ 165 ]: list(table.find({ " $where " : " this.age > 23 " })) Out[ 165 ]: [{u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9cbc421aa90fb9000000 ' ), u ' age ' : 27 , u ' name ' : u ' abeen ' }, {u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5fae95421aa90fb9000006 ' ), u ' age ' : 25 , u ' name ' : u '' }]
//skip() limit()
In [ 204 ]: result = table.find().skip( 2 ).limit( 3 ) In [ 205 ]: for r in result : print r {u ' age ' : 22 , u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9d2d421aa90fb9000002 ' ), u ' name ' : u ' shanshan2 ' } {u ' age ' : 23 , u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5f9d34421aa90fb9000003 ' ), u ' name ' : u ' shanshan3 ' } {u ' age ' : 23 , u ' _id ' : ObjectId( ' 4c5fa2ab421aa90fb9000004 ' ), u ' name ' : u ' shanshan3 ' , u ' address ' : u ' da zhong si ' }
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