mongodb排序&分页查询

一般情况下如果检索数据排序操作，需要创建索引来提高查询速度，所以先看看创建索引

db.collection.ensureIndex({key:1})

其中key为要创建的索引字段，1指定为升序，-1时为降序

例子：

> db.c1.ensureIndex({"name":1})
{
        "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
        "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
        "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
        "ok" : 1
}
> db.c1.getIndexes()
[
        {
                "v" : 2,
                "key" : {
                        "_id" : 1
                },
                "name" : "_id_",
                "ns" : "db1.c1"
        },
        {
                "v" : 2,
                "key" : {
                        "name" : 1
                },
                "name" : "name_1",
                "ns" : "db1.c1"
        }
]

使用索引查询，其中hint说明强制使用索引，当然也可以用逗号隔开用多个索引

> var cursor=db.c1.find({"name":"a"})
> cursor.explain()
{
        "queryPlanner" : {
                "plannerVersion" : 1,
                "namespace" : "db1.c1",
                "indexFilterSet" : false,
                "parsedQuery" : {
                        "name" : {
                                "$eq" : "a"
                        }
                },
                "winningPlan" : {
                        "stage" : "FETCH",
                        "inputStage" : {
                                "stage" : "IXSCAN",
                                "keyPattern" : {
                                        "name" : 1
                                },
                                "indexName" : "name_1",
                                "isMultiKey" : false,
                                "multiKeyPaths" : {
                                        "name" : [ ]
                                },
                                "isUnique" : false,
                                "isSparse" : false,
                                "isPartial" : false,
                                "indexVersion" : 2,
                                "direction" : "forward",
                                "indexBounds" : {
                                        "name" : [
                                                "[\"a\", \"a\"]"
                                        ]
                                }
                        }
                },
                "rejectedPlans" : [ ]
        },
        "serverInfo" : {
                "host" : "g-dragon1-PC",
                "port" : 27017,
                "version" : "3.4.5",
                "gitVersion" : "520b8f3092c48d934f0cd78ab5f40fe594f96863"
        },
        "ok" : 1
}
> var cursor=db.c1.find({"name":"a"}).hint({"name":1})
> cursor.explain()
{
        "queryPlanner" : {
                "plannerVersion" : 1,
                "namespace" : "db1.c1",
                "indexFilterSet" : false,
                "parsedQuery" : {
                        "name" : {
                                "$eq" : "a"
                        }
                },
                "winningPlan" : {
                        "stage" : "FETCH",
                        "inputStage" : {
                                "stage" : "IXSCAN",
                                "keyPattern" : {
                                        "name" : 1
                                },
                                "indexName" : "name_1",
                                "isMultiKey" : false,
                                "multiKeyPaths" : {
                                        "name" : [ ]
                                },
                                "isUnique" : false,
                                "isSparse" : false,
                                "isPartial" : false,
                                "indexVersion" : 2,
                                "direction" : "forward",
                                "indexBounds" : {
                                        "name" : [
                                                "[\"a\", \"a\"]"
                                        ]
                                }
                        }
                },
                "rejectedPlans" : [ ]
        },
        "serverInfo" : {
                "host" : "g-dragon1-PC",
                "port" : 27017,
                "version" : "3.4.5",
                "gitVersion" : "520b8f3092c48d934f0cd78ab5f40fe594f96863"
        },
        "ok" : 1

其他索引选项：

Parameter	Type	Description
background	Boolean	建索引过程会阻塞其它数据库操作，background可指定以后台方式创建索引，即增加 "background" 可选参数。 "background" 默认值为false。
unique	Boolean	建立的索引是否唯一。指定为true创建唯一索引。默认值为false.
name	string	索引的名称。如果未指定，MongoDB的通过连接索引的字段名和排序顺序生成一个索引名称。
dropDups	Boolean	在建立唯一索引时是否删除重复记录,指定 true 创建唯一索引。默认值为 false.
sparse	Boolean	对文档中不存在的字段数据不启用索引；这个参数需要特别注意，如果设置为true的话，在索引字段中不会查询出不包含对应字段的文档.。默认值为 false.
expireAfterSeconds	integer	指定一个以秒为单位的数值，完成 TTL设定，设定集合的生存时间。
v	index version	索引的版本号。默认的索引版本取决于mongod创建索引时运行的版本。
weights	document	索引权重值，数值在 1 到 99,999 之间，表示该索引相对于其他索引字段的得分权重。
default_language	string	对于文本索引，该参数决定了停用词及词干和词器的规则的列表。 默认为英语
language_override	string	对于文本索引，该参数指定了包含在文档中的字段名，语言覆盖默认的language，默认值为 language.

比如创建唯一索引：

> db.c1.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5958d8cda6e810ff1933a6dd"), "name" : "china" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5958ef83068141c2055cce10"), "name" : "usa", "age" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5961d1b3d233e9d684bd0298"), "name" : "usa", "age" : "aaa" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5961d22dd233e9d684bd0299"), "name" : "usa2", "age" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("598557b9dc51aa3086b6def2"), "name" : "a" }
> db.c1.ensureIndex({name:1,"age":1},{unique:true})
{
        "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
        "numIndexesBefore" : 2,
        "numIndexesAfter" : 3,
        "ok" : 1
}

预热完了，现在看排序，语法

db.collection.find().sort({key:1})

比如讲叙查看：

> db.c1.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5958d8cda6e810ff1933a6dd"), "name" : "china" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5958ef83068141c2055cce10"), "name" : "usa", "age" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5961d1b3d233e9d684bd0298"), "name" : "usa", "age" : "aaa" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5961d22dd233e9d684bd0299"), "name" : "usa2", "age" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("598557b9dc51aa3086b6def2"), "name" : "a" }
> db.c1.find({},{"name":1,_id:0}).sort({"name":-1})
{ "name" : "usa2" }
{ "name" : "usa" }
{ "name" : "usa" }
{ "name" : "china" }
{ "name" : "a" }

最后，看看limit，skip，使用它可以实现分页操作

linut相当于mysql的limit，返回指定行记录，语法

db.coll.find().limit(number)

比如：

> db.c1.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5958d8cda6e810ff1933a6dd"), "name" : "china" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5958ef83068141c2055cce10"), "name" : "usa", "age" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5961d1b3d233e9d684bd0298"), "name" : "usa", "age" : "aaa" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5961d22dd233e9d684bd0299"), "name" : "usa2", "age" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("598557b9dc51aa3086b6def2"), "name" : "a" }
> db.c1.find({},{"name":1,_id:0}).limit(2)
{ "name" : "china" }
{ "name" : "usa" }

skip非那根发做为跳过的记录数

db.coll.find().limit(number).skip(number)

举例：

> db.c1.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5958d8cda6e810ff1933a6dd"), "name" : "china" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5958ef83068141c2055cce10"), "name" : "usa", "age" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5961d1b3d233e9d684bd0298"), "name" : "usa", "age" : "aaa" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5961d22dd233e9d684bd0299"), "name" : "usa2", "age" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("598557b9dc51aa3086b6def2"), "name" : "a" }
> db.c1.find({},{"name":1,_id:0}).limit(2).limit(1)
{ "name" : "china" }
> db.c1.find({},{"name":1,_id:0}).limit(2).skip(1)
{ "name" : "usa" }
{ "name" : "usa" }
> db.c1.find({},{"name":1,_id:0}).limit(2).skip(2)
{ "name" : "usa" }
{ "name" : "usa2" }
> db.c1.find({},{"name":1,_id:0}).skip(2)
{ "name" : "usa" }
{ "name" : "usa2" }
{ "name" : "a" }

联合使用limit和skip就相当于分页查询