Mysql有两种连接方式,这里主要说明下linux类平台:
1,TCP/IP
此种外部方式连接,必须指定用户名,密码,端口号(如果默认端口号时可以不要)
[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -h192.168.97.189 -uroot -p -P3307
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> status
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.15, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 6
Current database:
Current user: loge@centos7
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 192.168.97.189 via TCP/IP
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
TCP port: 3307
Uptime: 3 min 50 sec
Threads: 2 Questions: 13 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 112 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 105 Queries per second avg: 0.056
--------------
mysql>
2 ,socket
对mysql.sock来说,其作用是程序与mysqlserver处于同一台机器,只对发起本地连接时可用。
你无须定义连接host的具体IP地址,只要为空或localhost就可以。在此种情况下,指定连接的端口不起作用,比如配置文件是3307,可以不指定端口也能连接。并且再次连接中是用localhost登录的,比如root@localhost,从此可以看出localhost跟127.0.0.1是不同的,前者是走socket,后者走的是TCP/IP!需要注意的是在linux下才有socket。另外在mysql.user中的host默认是localhost,也就是安装完登录时候是需要用socket方式登录哈!
因为你在my.ini中或my.cnf中改变端口后,mysql.sock是随每一次 mysql server启动生成的。已经根据你在更改完my.cnf后重启mysql时重新生成了一次,信息已跟着变更。
那么对于外部连接,必须是要变更port才能连接的。
[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> status
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.15, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 3
Current database:
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 47 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 7 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 105 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 98 Queries per second avg: 0.148
--------------
mysql>
另外,linux下安装mysql连接的时候经常回提示说找不到mysql.sock文件,解决办法很简单:
如果是新安装的mysql,提示找不到文件,就用find搜索下,指定正确的位置或者使用命令 mysql --verbose --help | grep socket 看看是否找到
如果mysql.sock文件误删的话,就需要重启mysql服务,如果重启成功的话会在datadir或者指定目录下面生成mysql.sock,然后再配置my.cnf。
windows下还支持管道连接、SHARED MEMORY方式,但不支持socket方式。
如果是在本机访问数据库最好是使用socket,因为不占用网卡资源,效率高