MySQL:
-- 表
ALTER TABLE t1 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8;
ALTER TABLE t1 CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8;
-- 变更列
ALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY COLUMN id VARCHAR(30) CHARSET utf8 NULL;
ALTER TABLE `t1`
CHANGE `id` `id1` VARCHAR(30) CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL COMMENT '注释';
-- 添加列
ALTER TABLE T1 ADD UPDATETIME TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;